Tiêu đề Chapter - 6 Improvement_in_Food_Resources-.pdf ✅

Improvement in Food Resources • Plants and animals are major food sources. • We obtain food from agriculture and animal husbandry. • Keeping in mind the population of India, it is necessary to increase India’s production efficiency of crops and livestock. • Sustainable management can be defined as the adoption of various farming and production management techniques to maximize yield in agriculture and animal husbandry. • Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating soil, producing crops, rearing animals for food and useful products. Improvement in Crop Yields Plants which are grown by man on a large scale to obtain food, clothing and other useful products are called crops. Crops Nutrients we get from crops Cereals (wheat, maize, millet, sorghum) Carbohydrates Pulses (gram, pea, black gram, green gram, pigeon pea, lentil) Proteins Oil seeds (ground nut, soya bean, mustard, sesame castor, sunflower, linseed) Fats Vegetables and fruits Vitamins and minerals Based on the season of cultivation, crops are divided into two categories:
Crop Variety Improvement • It is the technique or the skill of selection of the best varieties of crops for various desirable characters and incorporating those characters into the crops of the next generation. Hybridization It is the technique of crossing between two genetically dissimilar plants to produce a plant of a new variety. The variety produced by using this technique is called a hybrid. Two ways of cross-breeding during hybridisation are The new varieties of crops obtained by hybridisation are called high- yielding varieties or HYV seeds. Production of HYV seeds has led to an increase in agricultural production, considerably reduced food shortage and generated more income in the agricultural sector. This is known as the Green Revolution. Examples of hybrid varieties are

Nutrient Management • Plants require 16 different nutrients which are obtained by air, water and soil. • Deficiency of these nutrients retards the growth of plants. Manures and Fertilisers • It is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of dead and decaying vegetable matter, waste from farms, household waste and excreta of animals. Compost (Vermicompost) Green Manur e • It is formed by the decomposition of vegetable and animal wastes, domestic waste and eradicated weeds. • Farmers grow leguminous plants (e.g. groundnuts, soya beans, pulses) in between two crops.