Tiêu đề Pathology Part-5.pdf ✅

www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 1 Banana Plant Pathology 5 th Edition 2024
www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 2 Panama Wilt: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Economic Importance:  The first major disease which attacked banana was called Panama disease from the area where it first became serious. Banana wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease and gets entry in the plant body through roots and wounds caused by nematodes. Symptoms:  Yellowing of the lower most leaves starting from margin to midrib of the leaves.  Hanging of leaves around pseudostem.  Withering of leaves.  Turning of fruits to bottle shape. Management:  Avoid growing of susceptible cultivars viz., Rasthali, Monthan, Red banana and Virupakshi. Grow resistant cultivar Poovan. Moko disease: Pseudomonas solanacearum / Burkholderia solanacearum Symptoms  Leaves become yellow and progress upwards. The petiole breaks and leaves hang. When it is cut open discolouration in vascular region with pale yellow to dark brown colour.  The discolouration is in the central portion of the corm. Internal rot of fruits with dark brown discoloration. When the pseudostem is cut transversely bacterial ooze can be seen. Banana bunchy top: Banana bunchy top virus Symptoms:  Plants are extremely stunted. Leaves are reduced in size marginal chlorosis and curling. Leaves upright and become brittle. Many leaves are crowded at the top. Branches size will very small. If infected earlier no bunch will be produced. The disease is transmitted primarily by infected suckers.
www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 3 Sigatoka leaf spot: Fungus ( Cercospora musicola ) Symptoms:  Presence of light yellow oval spots on the leaves. The centre of spot dies, turning light grey surrounded by brown ring.  Coalescing of spots and killing of large portion of leaves. Kokkan disease: Banana bract mosaic virus, transmitted by aphid pentalonia nigronervosa Symptoms:  Pinkish streaks on pseudostem of 2-3 months old plants.  Late bunch appearance  Failure to bunch apprearance. Papaya Damping off/Stem rot / Foot rot – Pythium aphanidermatum Symptoms  Water-soaked spot on the stem at the ground level which enlarge and griddle the stem.  The diseased area turns brown or black and rot.  Terminal leaves turn yellow droop off.  The entire plant topples over and dies.  Forward by rain. R. solani is favoured by dry and hit weather. Common in 2-3 year old trees. Management  Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan 4 g/kg or Chlorothalonil.  Drenching with Copper oxychloride 0.25 % or Bordeaux mixture 1% or Metalaxyl 0.1%.  Avoid direct contact of water with the stem. Ring spot: Viral  Upper leaves of papaya is Mottled.  Transmitted by aphids (Aphis gossypii).
www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 4 Papaya leaf curl: Viral  Transmitted by white flies Powdery mildew: Oidium caricae Anthracnose: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Pomegranate Bacterial blight: Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae.  Also known as nodal blight or blak spot  In Maharashtra commonly known as oily spot or Telya Apple Scab: Venturia inaequalis Symptoms :  Symptom appears on leaves and fruits. On lower side of the leaf lesion appear as olivaceous spots which turn dark brown to black and become velvety.  On young foliage, the spots have a radiating appearance with a feathery edge.  In severe infection leaf blade curved, dwarfed and distorted.  The centre of the spots become corky and on mature fruits, yellow halo is seen around the lesions. Other diseases/disorders:  Crown gall: Agrobacterium tumefaciens  Fire blight of apple/pear: Erwinia amylovora  Water core: Bo deficiency  Bitter pit and cracking: Ca deficiency