Tiêu đề 7. UNIT 7. URBAN LIFE.docx ✅

UNIT 7: URBAN LIFE LESSON 1 Lesson summary VOCABULARY – CD2-22 STT Word/Phrase Meaning Example 1 traffic jam (n) /ˈtræfɪk dʒæm/ a long line of vehicles that can't move or can only move slowly There is a traffic jam on the highway now because of the car crash. 2 struggle (v) /ˈstrʌɡl/ to try very hard to do something that is difficult Milly struggled to cross the busy road. It was not easy for her. 3 pedestrian (n) /pəˈdestriən/ a person who is walking in the street The pedestrian was walking across the street when he got hit by a taxi. 4 sidewalk (n) /ˈsaɪdwɔ:k/ UK pavement /ˈpeɪvmənt/ a part at the side of a road whore people can walk I enjoy walking on the sidewalk in my area. It is big and has many trees along. 5 crosswalk (n) /ˈkrɒswɔ:k/ UK pedestrian crossing a part of a road where vehicles must stop so that people can cross the road My aunt reminds me to use the crosswalk to cross the main road safely.
/pəˌdestriən ˈkrɒsɪŋ/ 6 accident (n) /ˈæksɪdənt/ accidental (adj) /ˌæksɪˈdentl/ something bad that happens by chance Mindy had a motorbike accident yesterday. She lost her control and hit the car. 7 encourage (v) /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ encouragement (n) /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/ discourage (v) /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ/ to make someone more likely to do something Many schools are trying to encourage more students to use buses. 8 ban (v) /bæn/ ban (n) /bæn/ to officially say that something must not happen The government decided to ban driving after drinking alcohol to prevent accidents. 9 involve (v) /ɪnˈvɒlv/ involvement (n) /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/ to have something as a part The plan needs to involve cooperation between the city and residents to make it work. GRAMMAR Past Continuous
Form Affirmative Negative ● l/He/She/lt was running for one hour yesterday. ● We/You/They were going for a walk at 6 a.m. yesterday. I/He/She/IL was not playing in the park. We/You/They were not eating when Max came. Yes/No questions Answers ● Was I sleeping when you arrived? ● Were you cycling over the bridge at 7 a.m. yesterday? ● Was he/she/it sleeping at 10 o'clock last night? ● Were we/you/they eating lunch when Steven came? Yes, you were. / No, you weren't. Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. Yes, he/she/it was. / No, he/she/it wasn't. Yes, we/they were. / No, we/they weren't Wh-questions Answers ● What were you doing at 10 o’clock yesterday? ● Where was he/she/it sleeping? ● Who were they/we/you phoning when Jo came? I was picking up litter in the park. He/she/it was sleeping in the tent. They/we/Iwere phoning a doctor when Jo came. Usage We use Past Continuous:  For an action in progress at a specific time in Lire past Fiona was buying a subway ticket at 9 a.m. yesterday.  For an action in progress for a period of time in the past The workers were fixing the sidewalks all yesterday morning.  For a past action in progress when another action interrupted I was waiting for my mom on the sidewalk when I saw an accident.  For two or more actions in progress al lire same lime in the past Jay was fixing the fridge while his wife was planting trees in the garden. Note
 We use when for a past action in progress when on action (in the Past Simple) interrupted it.  We use while to talk about two or more actions in progress at the same time in the past. PRONUNCIATION ● Pronouncing /g/ and /dʒ/. – CD2-23 /g/ • struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ • guide /ɡaɪd/ • signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ /dʒ/ • encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ • dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ • jam /dʒæm/ PRACTICE Pronunciation a. Circle the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. village B. grocery C. giraffe D. energy 2. A. guard B. manager C. garage D. luggage b. Circle the word that has a stress pattern different from the others. 3. A. repair B. complain C. involve D. happen 4. A. accident B. solution C. involvement D. apartment 5. A. encourage B. consider C. interrupt D. develop Vocabulary a. Choose the correct options. 1. I would often jog along the sidewalk / crosswalk in our neighborhood in the morning. 2. Some people from rural areas often struggle / encourage to find affordable houses in the city. 3. The city is trying to improve the crosswalks / pedestrians so that drivers can see them better. 4. Io reduce traffic jams, the city decided to involve / ban certain types of vehicles traveling into the city center during specific hours. 5. The sudden heavy rain caused a(n) traffic jam / accident in the area for two hours. b. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.