Tiêu đề Preventive Medicine and Vaccines ✅

b. Because the majority of children are immunized against these diseases. c. Because these diseases have been eradicated. d. Because they are not part of the group targeted by these infectious microbes. 8. What is one disadvantage of using attenuated vaccines? a. They require fewer doses and boosters than other types of vaccines. b. They can create a virulent form following vaccination. c. The organisms multiply following vaccination. d. The organisms can mutate back to a virulent form following vaccination. 9. Which of the following vaccine types can revert to virulence? a. Killed b. Live attenuated c. Recombinant d. Polysaccharide 10. Which of the following types of vaccines is likely to induce lifelong immunity? a. Subunit b. Toxoid c. Live attenuated d. Conjugated 11. Under what conditions is an acellular or subunit vaccine produced? a. When the exact composition of the antigenic determinant is known b. When the exact antigenic determinants that stimulate immunity are known c. When the organism produces a weakly antigenic toxin d. When the DNA sequence of the microbe is known 12. Why is using an adjuvant in a vaccine preparation advantageous? a. It prevents pain during the injection. b. It alleviates the necessity of booster doses of the vaccine. c. It enhances the immunogenicity of the antigen. d. It prevents local reactions at the injection site. 13. Which of the following is one cardinal rule for a workable vaccine? a. It must last a lifetime. b. It must contain an antigen that will induce protection but not cause the disease. c. It must induce only the humoral immune response to be considered effective. d. It must be administered intramuscularly to increase its effectiveness. e. It must use live organisms in order to induce protective immunity.
14. Which of the following is one quality of an effective vaccine? a. It should require periodic boosters to maintain its effectiveness. b. It should stimulate both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. c. It should be easy for storage. d. It should be easy to administer. 15. What is NOT a method of attenuation in vaccine production? a. Long-term cultivation of the microbe b. Treatment of the microbial culture with heat, radiation, or formalin c. Selection of mutant strains of the microbe d. Removal of critical microbial virulence factors 16. Primary prevention is A) Taking action to reduce the incidence of disease and health problems within the population. B) Reduce lifestyle risks and their causes. C) Systematically detecting the early stages of diseases before symptoms develop D) Limits the physical and social consequences of symptomatic disease 17. Secondary prevention is A) Taking action to reduce the incidence of disease and health problems within the population. B) Reduce lifestyle risks and their causes. C) Systematically detecting the early stages of diseases before symptoms develop D) Limits the physical and social consequences of symptomatic disease 18. Which of the following is used as a method for secondary prevention? A) Chemotherapy B) Mammography C) Vaccination D) Rehabilitation 19. Tertiary prevention is A) Taking action to reduce the incidence of disease and health problems within the population. B) Reduce lifestyle risks and their causes. C) Systematically detecting the early stages of diseases before symptoms develop D) Limits the physical and social consequences of symptomatic disease 20.Which is NOT correct about why smallpox was eradicated globally by vaccination? A) The virus has low mutation rate B) The symptoms are very distinctive, allowing for easy identification of smallpox patients. C) Lack of of an animal reservoir (smallpox only infects human) D) Smallpox is contagious during incubation period