Tiêu đề 'Civil Rights Movement and Martin Luther king role' abhi.pdf ✅

decided in 1896 that “separate but equal” facilities for African Americans were responsible for the 14th Amendment. The European and American colonial power over non-white people in Africa, Asia, and many other parts of the world went with the “principle of white supremacy”. Most non-white people in the world, like African people, were colonized or economically exploited, and the law did not recognize their essential rights. However, it should be noted that there was a long way to the civil status quo as we are used to nowadays. Not only the colored race but also women of all races did not have voting rights anywhere. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a social activist and Baptist minister who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. King sought equality and human rights for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and all victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the 1963 March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, the second child of Martin Luther King Sr., a pastor, and Alberta Williams King, a former schoolteacher. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, secretary of the local chapter of the NAACP, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus and was arrested. Activists coordinated a bus boycott that would continue for 381 days, placing a severe economic strain on the public transit system and downtown business owners. These activists, headed by E.D. Nixon, formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). Martin Luther King Jr was unanimously elected as the official spokesman of the MIA. King was heavily influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and had entered the national spotlight as an inspirational proponent of organized, nonviolent resistance. Emboldened by the boycott’s success, in 1957 he and other civil rights activists— most of them fellow ministers—founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a group committed to achieving full equality for African Americans through nonviolent protest. The SCLC motto was “Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed.” He would remain at the helm of this influential organization until his death. In his role as SCLC president, Martin Luther King, Jr. travelled across the country and around the world, giving lectures on nonviolent protest and civil rights as well as meeting with religious figures, activists and political leaders. Their philosophy of nonviolence was put to a particularly severe test during the Birmingham campaign of 1963, in which activists used a boycott, sit- ins and marches to protest segregation, unfair hiring practices and other injustices in one of America’s most racially divided cities. Due to his involvement in the Black civil disobedience in Birmingham, Alabama, King was arrested on 12th April 1963. During his time in prison, king wrote his famous “Letter from Birmingham jail” an eloquent defence of civil disobedience addressed to a group of white clergymen who had criticized his tactics.

accurately describe how ideas about black liberation have always involved more than a focus on the legalities of civil rights, as important as they are. Some recent studies have shown that black challenges to discrimination did not spring into existence with Martin Luther King Jr in the 1950s. In what many historians now call ‘the long history of the civil rights movement’, they acknowledge that these challenges began as early as the 1860s. Gaines 2002, Hall 2005, and Theoharis 2006 argue that there was a “long civil rights movement” that stretched from the New Deal era through to and beyond the 1960s, and that this movement was national in scope. Other contemporary scholarship has paid more attention to the freedom movement’s international context, including the Cold War, decolonization, and campaigns against racism in places like South Africa, Brazil, or Britain. To Conclude - The civil rights movement in the middle of 20th century helped African Americans to win the Rights that had been taken from them for hundreds of years. The movement fighting for black rights Appeared in the 1950s, which was considered the most extensive progression of rights fighting in History. Thus, Martin Luther King Jr.'s life had a seismic impact on race relations in the United States. Years after his death, he is the most widely known African-American leader of his era. His life and work have been honoured with a national holiday, schools and public buildings named after him, and a memorial on Independence Mall in Washington, D.C. Though he was not without flaws and limitations in his control over the mass movements with which he was associated, he was nevertheless his activism and inspirational speeches, he played a pivotal role in ending the legal segregation of African-American citizens in the United States and he was a visionary leader who was deeply committed to achieving social justice through non-violent means.