Tiêu đề PART 4-TREMATODES (S).pdf ✅

PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY WITH PARASITOLOGY: LECTURE PREPARED BY: RACHEL M. ORDOÑEZ, RPh | ULS-PHARMACY INSTRUCTOR | 2ND SEMESTER A.Y. 2023-2024 TREMATODES • Also called as “_________________” include the helminths that are ______________, ______________, and ______________. CLASSIFICATION OF TREMATODES BASED ON HABITAT Blood Flukes Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma intercalatum Schistosoma malayensis Schistosoma mekongi Liver Flukes Fasciola hepatica (reside in liver) Fasciola gigantica Clonorchis species (reside in bile duct) Opisthorchis species Intestinal Flukes Small Intestine: Fasciolopsis buski Heterophyes species Metagonimus species Watsonius species Large Intestine Gastrodiscoides species Lung Fluke Paragonimus westermani • Life cycle: trematodes complete their life cycle in three (3) different hosts: o 1 DH: ______________ o 2 IH: Fresh water snail or mollusc and aquatic plant or fish or crab • Mode of transmission: man acquires infection by eating aquatic plants, fishes or crabs harboring the trematode. BLOOD FLUKES • Considered to be the most ______________ parasite of man. • Live in the ____________________ of humans and other vertebrate hosts. SCHISTOSOMES DEFINITIVE HOST INTERMEDIATE HOST (various genera of snails) African schistosomes Schistosoma haematobium Man, monkey, chimpanzee Bulinus Schistosoma mansoni Man, monkey, chimpanzee, and dog Biomphalaria Schistosoma intercalatum Man Bulinus Asian schistosomes Schistosoma japonicum Man, dog, cat, and rodent Oncomelania Schistosoma malayensis Man and rodent Robertsiella Schistosoma mekongi Man and dog Neotricula IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT SCHISTOSOMES Schistosoma haematobium - causative agent of “_________________________________” or “Bilharziasis” Habitat: veins surrounding the bladder Schistosoma mansoni - ______________ blood fluke - causative agent of “____________________________________” Habitat: venules of large intestine Schistosoma japonicum - It is the most ___________________ species among the schistosomes. - Also known as “___________________________________”. - Causative agent of “____________________________________” Habitat: venules of small intestine Schistosoma intercalatum - Resembles ________________________ Habitat: venules of colon Schistosoma mekongi - Resembles ________________________ Habitat: venules of small intestine LIVER FLUKES Fasciola hepatica Common name: “____________________________________” or “_________________________________” - aside from man it also affects sheep and other domestic animals. Habitat: Liver and bile duct Disease: ____________________________ Fasciola gigantica Common name: “___________________” Morphologically similar to F. hepatica but larger in size. Clonorchis sinensis Common name: “___________________________________” or “Oriental Liver fluke” - Considered to be the most important liver fluke of man Habitat: bile duct, pancreatic duct, and common bile duct Disease: Liver cancer, choriocarcinoma Opistorchis viverrini Common name: SEA “____________________________________” Opistorchis felineus Common name: “___________________” Dicrocoelium dendriticum Common name: (1) __________________________________ (2) _________________________________ (3) __________________________________ Disease: Cholecystitis, Liver abscess, generalized GI and abdominal distress INTESTINAL FLUKES Fasciolopsis buski Common name: _____________________________________ - largest and most common intestinal fluke infecting man, largest fluke parasitizing man Size: 2-7.5 cm (larger than F. hepatica which is around 3 cm) Habitat: mucosa of duodenum and jejunum of man and pig Heterophyes heterophyes Common name: _____________________________________ Habitat: small intestine, adult worms that reside in jejunum and upper ileum LUNG FLUKE Paragonimus westermani Common name: Oriental Lung fluke - causes endemic ___________________ in man Habitat: Parenchyma of the lungs