Tiêu đề Day 36 - Hydraulics 1 v2.pdf ✅

presented by: Kippap Civil Engineering HYDRAULICS 1
• Fluid Properties • Basic Fluid Properties • Viscosity • Surface Tension and Capillarity • Hydrostatic Pressure • Pressure • Measurement of Static Pressure • Hydrostatic Forces • Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface • Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface • Stresses on Thin-Walled Pressure Vessel. I bend the water; the water does not bend me.
Fluids may lack shape—but not potential. Just like you! 1.1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Fluid mechanics is the study of the behavior of fluids that are either at rest or in motion. Fluids refer to any homogeneous substance that can flow, such as liquids or gases. The following are the branches of fluid mechanics: • Hydrostatics. Study of liquids at rest. • Hydrodynamics. Study of liquids in motion. (Study of gases in motion is aerodynamics) • Hydraulics. Study of mechanical properties of liquids. (Study of mechanical properties of gases is pneumatics) • Hydrology. Study of water on Earth. 1.2 Basic Fluid Properties • Density (ρ). Refers to the mass of the fluid that is contained in a unit of volume. ρ = mass volume • Unit weight (γ). Also called specific weight. Refers to the weight of the fluid per unit volume. γ = weight volume = m V = mg V = W V = ρg units : 19/ms , glcms , 191 Units : KN/m3 , "Ift ?
Fluids may lack shape—but not potential. Just like you! 1.2 Basic Fluid Properties • Specific Gravity (SG or G). A dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density to that of some other substance that is taken as standard. The most common standard substance is water for solids and liquids and air for gases. SG = ρsubstance ρstandard = ρsubstanceg ρstandardg = γsubstance γstandard The common values for the density and unit weight of water are 1000 kg/m3, 1 g/cm3, 9810 N/m3, 9.81 kN/m3, and 62.4 lb/ft3. Water also has its maximum unit weight at 4°C. • Specific Volume. Refers to the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid. spv = V = V m = 1 ρ = g γ Units : melkg Pw = 1000 kg/m3 : 19/cm3 = 1 "Ir Un = 9810 "m2 = 9 . 81 #Nm" = 62.4 1 /fe