Nội dung text Comprehensive Grammar.pdf
Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Comprehensive Grammars are available for the following languages: Cantonese Catalan Chinese Danish Dutch Greek Indonesian Japanese Modern Welsh Modern Written Arabic Slovene Swedish Ukrainian Titles of related interest Basic Chinese: A Grammar and Workbook by Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington Intermediate Chinese: A Grammar and Workbook by Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington Colloquial Chinese by Kan Qian
CHINESE: A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington Routledge Taylor &. Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK
CONTENTS Acknowledgements xiv List of Abbreviations xv Introduction xvi 1 Nouns and Nominalisations 1 1.1 Nouns and categorisation 1 1.1.1 Common nouns 1 1.1.2 Material nouns 3 1.1.3 Collective nouns 4 1.1.4 Abstract nouns 5 1.1.5 Proper nouns 5 1.1.6 Temporal and spatial nouns 6 1.2 Nouns and reference 7 1.2.1 Definite or indefinite/generic reference 7 1.2.2 Exclusive reference 9 1.3 Nouns and plurality 9 1.4 Nouns and syntactic functions 11 1.5 Nouns and semantic fields 13 1.6 Nominalisations 16 2 Numerals and Measures 17 2.1 Digits, units and cardinal numbers 17 2.2 Ordinals 19 2.3 Enumeration 20 2.4 Fractions, percentages and decimals 20 2.4.1 Fractions 20 2.4.2 Percentages 21 2.4.3 Decimals 21 2.5 Imprecise numbers, halves and multiples 22 2.5.1 Imprecise numbers (^1)iic yueshu) 22 2.5.2 Halves 25 2.5.3 Multiples 25 2.6 Mathematical symbols and simple arithmetic equations 26 2.7 The multiplication table 26 2.8 Measure words 27 2.8.1 Standard measures 27 2.8.2 Classifying measures 32