Tiêu đề Steel Structures Design and Practice.pdf ✅

Steel Structures Design and Practice N. SUBRAMANIAN Consulting Engineer Maryland USA OXFORD UNTVERS ITY I’RE S S

List of Symbols A area of cross section; surface area of cladding A, area of bolt; gross area of horizon- tal boundary elements in SPSW Abr required bearing area A, minor diameter area of the bolt; gross area of vertical boundary elements in SPSW A, area of diagonal member A, effective cross-sectional area; effec- tive frontal area in wind A, moment amplification factor As total flange area of the smaller con- nected column; floor area; required area of flange plates A, gross cross-sectional area A,, gross cross-sectional area of flange A,, gross cross sectional area of out- standing leg A, design horizontal seismic coeffi- cient A, design horizontal acceleration spec- trum value of mode k A, net area of the total cross section A,, net tensile cross sectional area of bolt A,, net cross sectional area of the con- nected leg A,, effective net area A,, net cross sectional area of each flange A,, net sectional area of outstanding 1% A, initial cross-sectional area of ten- sile test coupon A, cross-sectional area of the stiffener in contact with the flange A, tensile stress area A,, shank gross cross sectional area (nominal area) of a bolt A, area of stiffener A, total area of the compartment in fire A,, gross sectional area in tension from the centre of the hole to the toe of the angle perpendicular to the line of force (block shear failure) A,, net sectional area in tension from the centre of the hole to the toe of the angle perpendicular to the line of force (block shear failure) A, sheararea A,, gross cross sectional area in shear along the line of transmitted force (block shear failure) A,, net cross sectional area in shear along the line of transmitted force (block shear failure) A, effective cross-sectional area of weld; window area; effective area of walls; area of web a, b larger and smaller projection of the slab base beyond the rectangle con- sidering the column, respectively