Tiêu đề Grammar for High School - 2023.pdf ✅

1 GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES HIGH SCHOOL 1. PRESENT SIMPLE ......................................................................................................................... 2 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ........................................................................................................... 10 3. PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS.................................................................. 13 4. PAST SIMPLE................................................................................................................................ 16 5. PAST CONTINUOUS.................................................................................................................... 21 6. PAST SIMPLE VS PAST CONTINUOUS .................................................................................. 24 7. PRESENT PERFECT.................................................................................................................... 28 8. SIMPLE PAST VS PRESENT PERFECT .................................................................................. 31 9. SIMPLE FUTURE & NEAR FUTURE ....................................................................................... 38 10. EXERCISES ABOUT TENSES.................................................................................................... 41 11. MODAL VERBS ............................................................................................................................ 44 12. NOUNS ............................................................................................................................................ 56 13. PRONOUNS.................................................................................................................................... 62 14. DETERMINERS ............................................................................................................................ 66 15. THERE + BE .................................................................................................................................. 72 16. ADJECTIVES................................................................................................................................. 75 17. ADVERBS....................................................................................................................................... 78 18. COMPARISON .............................................................................................................................. 81 19. PREPOSITIONS ............................................................................................................................ 87 20. QUESTION FORMATION........................................................................................................... 91 21. EXCLAMATIONS....................................................................................................................... 100 22. TAG QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 102 23. RELATIVE CLAUSE.................................................................................................................. 105 24. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES .................................................................................................. 108 25. VERB’S FUNCTIONS................................................................................................................. 113 26. REVIEW EXERCISE FOR VFs................................................................................................. 121 27. PASSIVE VOICE......................................................................................................................... 124 28. REPORTED SPEECH................................................................................................................. 133
2 PRESENT SIMPLE I. Usage: - Sự thật, chân lý, thói quen, thời khóa biểu II. Form: (+) S + am/is/are + S.C. (-) S + am not/ isn’t /aren’t + S.C. (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + S.C? *S.C: subject complement (+) S + V1 (s/es) + O. (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 + O. (?) Do/ Does + S + V1 + O? Example: (+) She is a teacher. (-) She isn’t a teacher. (?) Is she a teacher? (+) She goes to school. (-) She doesn’t go to school. (?) Does she go to school? III. Key words 1. Every (mỗi) day/night/Monday/ week/month/winter/ year... 2. Adverbs of frequency (trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên) always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely/hardly ever/ seldom, never 3. How often ...? (có thường xuyên ... không?) = How many times a day/ week/ month/ year ...? (Bao nhiêu lần ...?) →Once/ twice/ three times ... a day/ week/... CÁCH THÊM “-S/-ES” VÀO ĐỘNG TỪ 1. Hầu hết các động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít đều được thành lập bằng cách thêm –s vào động từ nguyên mẫu. Ex: play → plays walk→ walks write → writes, etc. 2. Các động từ tận cùng bằng o, x, z, s, ch, sh thì thêm –es Ex: wash → washes watch → watches fix → fixes do, go → does, goes 3. Các động từ có tận cùng bằng –y thì: - Nếu trước –y là một phụ âm, ta bỏ -y thêm –ies vào động từ: study → studies, fry → fries, etc. - Nếu trước –y là một nguyên âm, ta chỉ thêm –s vào động từ: say → says, employ → employs, etc. CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S /– ES /s/ /z/ /iz/ Khi cuối từ có các chữ: f, p, k, gh, t, c, th, ph hoặc cuối từ phát âm: /p/ /k/ /t/ /θ/ /f/ Khi cuối từ có các chữ: b, d, g, th / ð/, ng, r, m, v, l, n a, e, i, o, u, y Khi cuối từ có các chữ: x, z, s, ch, sh, ce, ge Hoặc cuối từ phát âm: /s/ /z/ /ʧ//ʤ//ʃ//ʒ/ /p/ -p: claps, stops /k/ -k/-c: kicks, tactics /t/ -t/-te: cats, sports, tastes /f/ -gh/-ph/f: laughs, photographs, beliefs /θ/ -th: months, mouths crabs, needs, bags, clothes, sings, times, rulers, times, lives, rules, nouns, bananas, bees, photos, buys /s/ -s/-x/-ce: misses, fixes, places /z/ -z,/-se: buzzes, causes /ʧ/ -ch: watches /ʤ/ -ge: changes /ʃ/ -sh: wishes /ʒ/ -ge: garages
3 I. sAm/ Is / Are Long form Short form Positive (+) Negative (-) Question (?) I am I’m I am late. I am not (‘m not) late. Am I late? He is She is It is He’s She’s It’s He is a student. She is beautiful. It is long. He is not (isn’t) a student. She is not (isn’t) beautiful. It is not (isn’t) long. Is he a student? Is she beautiful? Is it long? You are We are They are You’re We’re They’re You are happy. We are late. They are hungry. You are not (aren’t) happy. We are not (aren’t) late. They are not (aren’t) hungry. Are you happy? Are we late? Are they hungry? Exercise 1: Write the positive, negative or question forms of these sentences. Positive Negative Questions I I am hungry. you You are Sam. he He is not here. she Is she loud? it It is okay. we Are we fine? you You are not friendly. they Are they happy? Exercise 2: Finish the sentences with am / is / are. 1. The weather ____________ beautiful today. 2. All the children ____________ on the playground. 3. Boys! You ____________ always late for class. 4. ____________ you on the basketball team, too? 5. Nobody in my class ____________ interested in football. 6. ____________ this computer more expensive than that one? 7. Sally ____________ my best friend. 8. Mom and Dad ____________ downstairs watching television. 9. Paul and Henry ____________ in the computer room. 10. The Eiffel Tower ____________ the tallest monument in Paris.
4 Exercise 3: Make questions. Use is or are. 1 (your mother/ at home?) Is your mother at home? 2 (your parents / well?) ___________________________________________ 3 (the film/ interesting?) ___________________________________________ 4 (the post office / near here?) ___________________________________________ 5 (your children / at school?) ___________________________________________ 6 (why / you / late?) ___________________________________________ II. Ordinary verbs I / We / You / They Plural nouns Read like work live watch do have He / She / It Singular nouns Reads likes works lives watches does has Positive Negative Questions I We You They work like do have I We You They do not (don’t) work like do have Do I we you they work? like? do? have? He She It works likes does has He She It does not (doesn’t) Does he she it Study the word order: do/does + subject + infinitive Where How often What How much Do Do Does do do does does You your friends Chris your parents you this word it work? live play live? wash mean? cost in the evening? near here? tennis? your hair? to fly to Rome? ❖ Adverbs of frequency Frequency Adverbs of Frequency 100% Always 80% Usually 60% Often 40% Sometimes 20% Rarely, seldom, hardly ever 0% Never