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HRT. 101: Fundamentals of Horticulture and Production Technology of Fruit Crops; (2+1): I Semester 2014-15 Prepared By Dr. B. Hemla Naik, Professor & Head (Hort.) cum Coordinator (PPMC) & Dr. D. Thippesh, Professor of Horticulture, CoA Shimoga; [email protected]; 94488 62225 | UAHS, S 1 UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIMOGA By Dr. B. HEMLA NAIK, M.Sc.(Agri.) in Hort.; PhD (Hort.);PGD (Israel) Professor & Head (Hort.) cum Coordinator (PPMC) & Dr. D. THIPPESH M.Sc.(Agri.) in Hort.; PhD (Hort.) Associate Professor of Horticulture College of Agriculture, Shimoga FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE & PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT CROPS e-Contents of Www.anilrana13014.webbly.com WWW.k8449r.webbly.com www.k8449r.webbly.com
HRT. 101: Fundamentals of Horticulture and Production Technology of Fruit Crops; (2+1): I Semester 2014-15 Prepared By Dr. B. Hemla Naik, Professor & Head (Hort.) cum Coordinator (PPMC) & Dr. D. Thippesh, Professor of Horticulture, CoA Shimoga; [email protected]; 94488 62225 | UAHS, S 2 C O N T E N T S Lecture # Title Page # 1. Introduction 3-5 2. Importance of horticulture 6-10 3. Scenario of Horticulture - Area, production and EXIM trade in horticulture 11-13 4. Horticultural zones of india and classification of horticultural plants 14-17 5. Nursery - Importance and propagation methods 18-21 6. Planning of orchards establishment and layout systems 22-24 7. Types of orchards 25-27 8. Soil and Climatic for Horticulture Crops 28-32 9. Digging and filling of pits 33-34 10. Orchard management 35-44 11. Water requirements and irrigation methods for horticulture crops 45-48 12. Weed management in orchards 49-51 13. Nutrient management 52-57 14. Training and Pruning 58-62 15. Planting systems and transplanting of horticultural crops 63-64 16. Plant growth regulators 65-69 17. Problem of unfruitfulness 70-75 18. Growth, fruiting habits and methods for inducing fruitfulenss in horticultural crops 76-81 19. Cropping systems in horticulture 82-84 20. Classification of fruits 85-89 CULTIVATION OF 21. Mango 90-94 22. Banana 95-105 23. Citrus 106-115 24. Guava 116-120 25. Grape 121-131 26. Sapota 132-136 27. Papaya 137-143 28. Pineapple 144-148 29. Pomegranate 149-152 30. Fig 153-156 31. Jack fruit, Tamarind and Annona 157-165 32. Minor fruit crops - West Indian cherry/Barbados cherry Jamun, Wood apple , Mangosteen , Ber, Aonla, Bael and Litchi 166-182
HRT. 101: Fundamentals of Horticulture and Production Technology of Fruit Crops; (2+1): I Semester 2014-15 Prepared By Dr. B. Hemla Naik, Professor & Head (Hort.) cum Coordinator (PPMC) & Dr. D. Thippesh, Professor of Horticulture, CoA Shimoga; [email protected]; 94488 62225 | UAHS, S 3 LECTURE -1 INTRODUCTION  India is the seventh largest country in the world with a total geographical area of 328.73 m ha and has second largest population 121crores (2011), after China.  The total arable land available is 144 million hectare of which 70% is under rainfed cultivation.  Around 55-60 % of the total population depends on agriculture and allied activities.  Horticulture crops constitute a significant portion of total agricultural production in the country.  The term HORTICULTURE is derived from two Latin words - ―HORTUS‖ meaning ̳GARDEN‟ and ―CULTURA‖ meaning ̳CULTIVATION‟.  In ancient days the gardens had protected enclosures with high walls or similar structures surrounding the houses.  The enclosed places were used to grow fruit, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants. Therefore, in original sense “Horticulture refers to cultivation of garden plants within protected enclosures”. Definition: Horticulture is a science and technique of production, processing and merchandizing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantations, medicinal and aromatic plants. 2. BRANCHES OF HORTICULTURE  Horticulture is a wide field which includes a great variety and diversity of crops.  The science of horticulture can be divided into several branches depending upon the crops it deals with.  Following are the branches of horticulture. i. Pomology : study of fruit crops. ii. Olericulture : cultivation of vegetables. iii. Floriculture : cultivation of flower crops. iv. Plantation crops : cultivation of coconut, arecanut, rubber, coffee, tea, etc. v. Spices crops : cultivation of cardamom, pepper, nutmeg etc. vi. Medicinal and aromatic crops: cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops. vii. Post harvest technology: deals with post harvest handling, grading, packaging, storage processing, value addition, marketing etc, of horticulture crops. viii. Plant propagation : deals with propagation of plants.
HRT. 101: Fundamentals of Horticulture and Production Technology of Fruit Crops; (2+1): I Semester 2014-15 Prepared By Dr. B. Hemla Naik, Professor & Head (Hort.) cum Coordinator (PPMC) & Dr. D. Thippesh, Professor of Horticulture, CoA Shimoga; [email protected]; 94488 62225 | UAHS, S 4 FRUIT CROPS:  India is the second largest producer of fruits after Brazil.  A large variety of fruit crops are grown in India. Of these, mango, banana, citrus, papaya, guava, pineapple, sapota, jackfruit, litchi, grapes, apple, pear, peach, plum, walnut etc. are the important ones.  India accounts for 10 per cent of the total world production of fruits.  It leads the world in the production of mango, banana, sapota and acid lime besides recording highest productivity in grape.  The leading fruit growing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. VEGETABLE CROPS:  More than 40 vegetables belonging to Solanaceaeous, cucurbitaceous, leguminous, cruciferous, root crops and leafy vegetables are grown in Indian tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions.  Important vegetables grown in India are onion, tomato, potato, brinjal, peas, beans, okra, chilli, cabbage, cauliflower, bottle gourd, cucumber, watermelon, carrot, radish etc.  India ranks second in vegetable production next to China w.r.t. area and production contributing 13.38 % to the total world production.  India occupies first position in cauliflower, second in Onion, third in cabbage in the world.  West Bengal, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka are the important states for horticultural crop production. Differences between fruits and vegetables Sl No. Vegetables X Fruits 1. Most of the vegetables are annuals : Fruit plants are perennial in nature 2. Mostly majority of them are sexually propagated : Fruit plant are sexually and asexually propagated 3. Cultivation of vegetable is seasonal and special techniques like pruning and training are generally not required : Fruit plants require special practices like training and pruning and are required seasonally. 4. Vegetable plants are generally non-woody : Fruit plants are generally woody in nature 5. All parts of the plant are edible : Only fruit is edible but sometimes false fruit also edible (eg. Fleshy thalamus of apple) 6. Generally consumed after cooking : Mostly consumed raw after ripening FLORICULTURE:  In India, flower cultivation is being practiced since ages.  It is an important/integral part of socio-cultural and religious life of Indian people.  It has taken a shape of industry in recent years.  India is known for growing traditional flowers such as jasmine, marigold, chrysanthemum, tuberose, crossandra, aster, etc.