Tiêu đề 1.TÓM TẮT KIẾN THỨC.docx ✅

A. NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP PHONETICS I. VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS (Nguyên âm và nguyên âm đôi) There 20 vowel sounds in the English language. + 12 vowels: /ɪ/, /i:/, /e/, /ə/, /ɜː/, /ʊ/, /u:/ /Ɒ/, /Ɔː/, /Ʌ/, /Ɑː/, /æ/ + 8 diphthongs: /ɪə/, /eə/, /eɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /aɪ/, /əʊ/, /aʊ/, /ʊə/ 1. VOWELS VOWELS EXAMPLES /i:/ theme, key, people, police, beach /ɪ/ busy, hit, ring, link, film /ʊ/ cook, put, look, full, woman /u:/ soon, remove, bamboo, food, tomb /e/ bed, pet, ten, egg, head /ə/ vendor, doctor, popular, brother, banana /ɜː/ bird, worm, burn, birthday, earth /Ɔː/ more, door, walk, worm, ball /æ/ fan, bat, apple, fashion, black /Ʌ/ cut, butter, come, love, money /Ɑː/ father, heart, start, park, far /Ɒ/ hot, box, cough, watch, dog
UNVOICED SOUNDS EXAMPLES /f/ cough /kɒf/ coughed /kɒft/ /k/ walk /wɔːk/ walked /wɔːkt/ /p/ stop /stɒp/ stopped /stɒpt/ /s/ miss /mɪs/ missed /mɪst/ /θ/ bath /bæθ/ bathed /bæθt/ /ʃ/ push /pʊʃ/ pushed /pʊʃt/ /tʃ/ watch /wɒtʃ/ watched /wɒtʃt/ 2. /d/ sound: When the base verb ends in a voiced sound like /b/, /v/, /g/, /z/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/, /ð/, the -ed ending is pronounced as /d/. Vowel sounds and diphthongs are all voiced as well. UNVOICED SOUNDS EXAMPLES /b/ grab /ɡræb/ grabed /ɡræbd/ /v/ move /mu:v/ moved /mu:vd/ /g/ hug /hɅg/ hugged /hɅgd/ /z/ raise /r eɪ z/ raised /reɪzd/ /m/ calm /kⱭːm/ calmed /kⱭːmd/ /n/ listen /'lisn/ listened /'lisnd/ /l/ cancel /kænsl/ cancelled /kænsld/ /dʒ/ judge /dʒʌdʒ/ judged /dʒʌdʒd/ /ð/ bathe /beɪð/ bathed /beɪðd/ /aʊ/ allow /əˈlaʊ/ allowed /əˈlaʊd/ /eɪ/ play /pleɪ/ played /pleɪd/ 3. /ɪd/ sound: When the base verb ends in /t/ or /d/ sounds, the -ed ending is pronounced as /ɪd/. UNVOICED SOUNDS EXAMPLES /t/ start /stɑːrt/ started /stɑːrt ɪd/ want /wɒnt/ wanted /wɒntɪd/ /d/ need /ni:d/ needed /ni:dɪd/

/ʃ/ wish /wɪʃ/ wishes /wɪʃɪz/ /ʒ/ massage /ˈmæsɑːʒ/ massages /ˈmæsɑːʒɪz/ /tʃ/ watch /wɒtʃ/ watches /wɒtʃɪz/ /dʒ/ lozenge /ˈlɒzɪndʒ/ lozenges /ˈlɒzɪndʒɪz/ VI. WORD STRESS (Trọng âm từ) 1. Two-syllable nouns and adjectives When a noun or an adjective has two syllables, the stress is usually on the first syllable. Examples: starter /ˈstɑːrtər/ money /ˈmʌni/ pretty /ˈprɪti/ clever /ˈklevər/ Exceptions: hotel /həʊˈtel/ correct /kəˈrekt/ okay /əʊˈkeɪ/ 2. Two-syllable verbs and prepositions When a verb or a preposition contains two syllables, the stress is generally on the second syllable. Examples: connect /kəˈnekt/ update /ˌʌpˈdeɪt/ away /əˈweɪ/ between /bɪˈtwiːn/ Exceptions: follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ happen /ˈhæpən/ under /ˈʌndər/ over /ˈəʊvər/ 3. Words that function as both nouns (n) and verbs (v) In English, some words serve as both nouns and verbs. When used as nouns, the stress is placed on the first syllable, while as verbs, the stress shifts to the second syllable. Examples: a present /'prezənt/ (= a gift) to present /prɪ'zent/ (= to give something formally) an increase /’ɪnkri:s/ (= a rise in amount, number or degree) to increase /ɪn'kri:s/ (= to become bigger in amount, number or degree) Exceptions: answer (n, v) /ˈɑːnsər/ copy (n, v) /ˈkɒpi/ offer (n, v) /ˈɒfər/ visit (n, v) /'vɪzɪt/ 4. Words with various suffixes When a word with the following suffixes, the stress is on the syllable right before the suffix. SUFFIXES EXAMPLES