Tiêu đề MODULE 11 - Câu điều kiện - Wish và if only.doc ✅

1 MODULE 11: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES - WISH and IF ONLY (Câu điều kiện - Wish và if only) I. Câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences) Câu điều kiện gồm có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề if (if-clause) chỉ điều kiện và mệnh đề chính (main clause) chỉ kết quả. Có ba loại câu điều kiện: 1. Điều kiện có thật trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai (real condition in the present or future): có thể thực hiện trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ex: If he runs, he’ll get there in time. (Nếu anh ấy chạy thì anh ấy sẽ đến đó kịp lúc.) - Dùng thì hiện tại đơn (present simple) trong mệnh đề chính để diễn đạt một sự thật hiển nhiên, một quy luật hoặc một thói quen. Ex: If we boil water, it vapors. (Nếu chúng ta đun nước, nước sẽ bốc hơi.) - Dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn trong mệnh đề điều kiện để diễn đạt sự tiếp diễn của hành động và thì hiện tại hoàn thành để diễn đạt sự hoàn tất. Ex: If the baby is sleeping, don’t make noise. (Nếu em bé đang ngủ, đừng làm ồn.) If you have finished your work, you can go home. (Nếu bạn xong việc thì bạn có thể về.) - Các động từ tình thái can, may, might, should, ought to, have to, must,... có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính (main clause). Ex: If you get here before eight, we can catch the early train. (Nếu anh đến đây trước 8 giờ thì chúng ta có thể bắt chuyến tàu sớm.) 2. Điều kiện không có thật trong hiện tại (Unreal condition in the present): không có thật hoặc không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tưong lai. Ex: If I knew her name, I would tell you. (Nếu tôi biết tên cô ấy, tôi sẽ nói với anh.) → but I don’t know her name If he was older, he would be wiser. (Nếu nó lớn hơn, nó sẽ khôn ngoan hơn.) - Were thường được dùng thay cho was (với I, he, she, it) trong cấu trúc này. Ex: If he were older, he would be wiser. 3. Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ (Unreal condition in the past): không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ Ex: If you had invited Sue, she would have come. (Giá mà bạn mời Sue thì cô ấy đã đến rồi.) →but you didn’t invite Sue so she didn’t come. Lưu ý: - Có thể dùng kết hợp điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 (không có thật trong hiện tại và không có thật trong quá khứ) Ex: If John had not drunk so much last night, he would not feel sick now. (Nếu tối qua John không uống quá nhiều thì bây giờ anh ấy sẽ không buồn nôn.) If I knew you were coming I would have baked a cake. (Nếu biết bạn đến thì tôi đã nướng bánh rồi.) - Không dùng will, would trong mệnh đề điều kiện (if - clause) IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Present tense will + bare-infinitive IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Past simple would / should/ could / might + bare inf. IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Past perfect would / should / could / might + have + past part.
2 Ex: If I have time, I’ll help you. (NOT If I’ll have time, I’ll help you.) • Những cách khác để diễn tả điều kiện 1. Unless = if... not; except if (nếu... không; trừ khi) Ex: I’ll take the job unless the pay is too low. (= if the pay isn’t too low / except if the pay is too low) (Tôi sẽ nhận công việc đó nếu tiền lương không quá thấp.) 2. Without / But for + noun (nếu không) Ex: If you did not help me, I would not overcome the trouble. → Without / But for your help, I would not overcome the trouble. (Nếu không có sự giúp đỡ của bạn thì tôi đã không vượt qua được rắc rối đó.) 3. Should / Were / Had + subject + verb Ex: Should you change your mind,... (= If you should change ...) Were she my daughter,... (= If she were my daughter ...) Had I not realised what you intended,... (= If I hadn’t realised ...) [NOT Hadn’t I realised what you-intended,...] 4. Imagine (that), suppose/ supposing (that) (giả sử như), provided/ providing (that), as/ so long as, on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là), or/ otherwise (nếu không), only if (chỉ khi), in case (nếu),... Ex: Start soon otherwise you will be late. (Hãy bắt đầu sớm, nếu không bạn sẽ trễ.) [= If you do not start soon, you will be late.] I’ll give you the day off on condition that you work on Saturday morning. (Tôi sẽ cho anh nghỉ một ngày với điều kiện anh phải làm việc sáng thứ Bảy.) II. Wish & If only Sau wish và if only có 3 loại mệnh đề được dùng để chỉ sự ao ước ở tương lai, hiện tại và quá khứ. 1. Ao ước ở tương lai (Future wish): mong điều gì đó sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Ex: I wish we would not have an exam tomorrow. (Uớc gì ngày mai chúng tôi không phải thi.) If only it would stop raining, we could go out. (Giá mà trời tạnh mưa, chúng ta có thể đi chơi.) 2. Ao ước ở hiện tại (Present wish): ước điều không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại. Ex: I wish I was rich. (Uớc gì tôi giàu có.) → but I’m poor now If only I knew her name. (Uớc gì tôi biết tên cô ấy.) - Were có thể được dùng thay cho was trong cấu trúc này, nhất là trong lối văn trịnh trọng. Ex: I wish I were rich. 3. Ao ước ở quá khứ (Past wish): ước điều gì đó đã hoặc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: I wish I had succeeded in the final exam. (Uớc gì tôi đã đậu kỳ thi cuối khóa.) → but I failed the exam If only you hadn’t said that. (Giá mà anh đã không nói điều đó.) S + wish If only + S + would / could + V (bare - inf ) S + wish If only + S + V (past simple) S + wish If only + S + V (past perfect)
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence. 1. If she ________ me, tell her to leave a message. A. calls B. will call C. called D. would call 2. John will pick me up ________ A. in case it rained B. if it rains C. provided that it would rain D. unless it rained 3. ________ you want to go out during a lecture, what should you do? A. As B. If C. Though D. When 4. If you won the lottery, ________? A. what will you do B. what had you done C. what would you do D. what did you do 5. If we start the new project, we ________ more staff. A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed 6. If John ________ 10 years younger, he ________ for the Job. A. is / will apply B. was / has applied C. had been / will have applied D. were / would apply 7. You will not be allowed to attend the club meeting ________ you are a member. A. unless B. if C. providing that D. supposed that 8. ________ people had not cut so many trees. A. If B. If only C. Unless D. Even if 9. If the president ________ last night’s train, he here now. A. took / were B. were taking / is C. had taken / would have been D. had taken / would be 10. If he ________ more time, he ________ decorating the baby’s room before she was born. A. has / will have finished B. had / would finish C. had had / would have finished D. had had / would finish 11. ________ he arrives soon, we will have to start the conference without him. A. Suppose B. Provided C. Unless D. If 12. ________ as much money as Bill Gates of Microsoft, I would retire. A. If I had B. If I have C. Unless I had D. If I had had 13. ________ here, he would help us with these troubles. A. Were our father B. If our father had been C. Was our father D. Unless our father were 14. ________ more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday. A. If Peter drove B. Had Peter driven C. Only if Peter could drive D. Unless Peter had driven 15. If it ________ tomorrow, I will not have to water the plants. A. will rain B. is raining C. would rain D. rains 16. We ________ more chances to attack during the last game if the strikers the ball more exactly. A. will have had / have passed B. will have / were passing C. would have / passed D. would have had / had passed 17. ________, tell him I have gone to London. A. If Mr. Jones called B. Unless Mr. Jones calls C. Should Mr. Jones call D. If Mr. Jones will call
4 18. ________ you apologize for what you have done, I will never be your friend. A. Unless B. If C. As if D. Even if 19. Practice more and more ________ you can never speak English fluently. A. and B. or C. incase D. if 20. It was much colder than we had thought ________ we had taken more warm clothes. A. If B. Unless C. But for D. If only 21. ________, they would not have had such a successful conference. A. Due to good preparations B. But for they had had good preparations C. Without good preparations D. If their good preparations 22. If you ________ her, what ________? A. are / will you do B. have been / might you do C. were / would you do D. had been / will you have done 23. You should not eat more ________ yourself ill. A. or you will make B. in case you would make C. if you would make D. unless you would have made 24. I would have crashed the car ________. A. unless you warned me B. in case you warn me C. if there were a warning D. but for your warning 25. Call your parents ________ they will start to worry. A. if only B. otherwise C. if so D. in case 26. If it ________ for the life jacket, I would have drowned. A. is not B. was not C. has not been D. had not been 27. He may never speak to me again if he ________ out what happened. A. will find B. was finding C. finds D. had found 28. ________ heavy traffic we would not have been late for the train. A. If B. If only C. Supposed D. But for 29. She had to have the operation or she ________ A. dies B. will die C. would die D. would have died 30. Our cat ________ you if you rub her belly. A. will bite B. would bite C. will have bitten D. would have bitten 31. ________ the boat leaves on time, we will arrive in Paris by the morning. A. If only B. Provided that C. But for D. Without 32. ________ to the music after 10 pm, you should turn the volume down or use an earphone. A. If you are listening B. Unless you listen C. Provided you won’t listen D. Otherwise you listen 33. If Mary ________ so long on the computer last night, her eyes ________ red now. A. did not worked / do not get B. were not working / did not get C. had not been working / would not get D. had not worked / would not have got 34. If I ________ him this afternoon, I ________ him in the evening. A. do not see / will phone B. will not see / phone C. did not see / would phone D. have not seen / am going to phone 35. I am so tired from working so hard ________ at home now. A. Supposing that I had been B. if I was C. Provided that I was D. If only I were 36. If they ________ him yesterday, he ________ to the party now.