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1-Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics → Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold → Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the random microscopic motions of the constituent microscopic particles TF = 9 5 TC + 32oF TK = TC + 273,15 The zeroth law of thermodynamics: If objects A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third object C, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.