Tiêu đề B3 - STANDARDS ACROSS ANGLOPHONE SPACE ✅

B3. STANDARDS ACROSS ANGLOPHONE SPACE I. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE ENGLISHES DESIGNATED ‘STANDARD’ IN EACH OF THESE THREE REGIONS. *QUESTIONS 1. Are there more similarities or more dif erences? ⇒ MORE SIMILARITIES 2. What are the main dif erences between dif erent standard varieties of English? ⇒ VOCABULARY 3. What are the main reasons for the dif erences? - THE FIRST REASON: The early colonizers needed to name those items for which they did not already have names: extending the meaning of existing English words, creating new words, or borrowing items from the Native Americans. Ex: ● corn (referring to grain in Britain, maize in North America) ● robin (a small red-breasted warbler in Britain, a large red-breasted thrush in North America). An example of a new creation is butte (an isolated hill with a flat top) ● moccasin, squash, and toboggan (borrowing). - THE SECOND REASON: Developments taking place since North American English separated from British English have led to further divergences between the two varieties. Ex: North American English has windshield, hood, and trunk for the items that in British English are called windscreen, bonnet, and boot. PRACTICE Can you place these items in the correct categories and explain the difference in British/American use? faucet smart autumn regular bathroom pants sophomore to fancy a queue spanner homely school surgery quite (as in quite good) Category 1: Same word, dif erent meaning
Word English-English meaning U.S.English meaning homely Down to earth, domestic Ugly (of people) pants underpants trousers pavement Footpath, sidewalk Road surface Category 2: Same word, additional meaning in one variety a. ADDITIONAL MEANING IN U.S.ENG Word Meaning in common Additional meaning in U.S.English bathroom Room with bath or shower and sink Room with toilet only regular Consistent, habitual Average (as in size), normal school Institution of education at elementary level All institutions of education including universities b. ADDITIONAL MEANING IN English - ENG Word Meaning in common Additional meaning in English - English smart intelligent well-groomed surgery A medical operation or operating room An office off any doctor Category 3: Same word, dif erence in style, connotation, frequency of use Word English-English usage U.S.English usage autumn Common; all styles Uncommon; poetic or formal (‘fall’ used instead) To fancy (to like, want) Common, informal uncommon quite Negative or neutral positive