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GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH 1 Subject-verb agreement The rules of the subject-verb agreement are used to properly determine whether the singular or plural form should be use in a sentence. 1) An intervening phrase or clause between subject and verb does not change the number of the subject. Margarita, together with her brothers, likes to party. The gentlemen who attended the meeting are very punctual. 2) Singular indefinite pronouns take singular verbs. Plural indefinite pronouns take plural verbs. Each student in this school does not pay for his tuition. Many students perform well in surprise quizzes. 3) Compound subjects joined by and are always plural. Miguel and Monica spend their free time at the gym Chona and Fernan set aside a small percentage of their income for their children’s educational plan. 4) With a compound subjects joined by or/nor, the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it. Either alice or her badminton buddies are bringing the deserts. Neither the students nor the teacher recognizes the strange markings. 5) Inverted subjects must agree with the verb. There are 15 students in my class. How is Maria handling a news of her grandfather’s death.. 6) Collective nouns (group, jury, crowd, team, etc.) are always singular. The jury decides that you are guilty of the crime. The jury have been arguing for 5 days regarding the case. ENGLISH 20% COMPETENCIES 1. ENGLISH 1 – STUDY AND THINKING SKILLS 6% 1.1 Use English language correctly and appropriately. 3% 1.2 Comprehend written text. 3% 2. ENGLISH 2 – WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINE 5% 2.1 Use accurate, meaningful and appropriate language in written discourse. 5% 3. ENGLISH 3 – SPEECH AND ORAL COMMUNICATION 5% 3.1 Use accurate, meaningful and appropriate language in oral discourse. 3% 4. LITERATURE 1 – PHILIPPINE LITERATURE 4% 4.1 Apply knowledge gained from local literary pieces 1% 4.2 Manifest comprehension to extract elements in major literary genres 2% 4.3 Relate insights to given situation 2% 5. LITERATURE 2 – MASTER WORKS OF THE WORLD 2% 5.1 interpret passages from master works of the world 2% NOTES
2 LET Comprehensive Reviewer Based on NCBTS and Table of Specifications (TOS) 7) Titles of single entities (books, organizations, countries, etc.) are always singular. The grapes of wrath by john Steinbeck takes quite some time to read. The Philippines strengthens its diplomatic ties with ASEAN nation. 8) Plural form subjects with a singular meaning take with a singular verb. (E.g. news, measles, mumps, physics). Plural form subjects with a plural meaning take a plural verb. (E.g. scissors, trousers). Measles is a contagious disease that spread among school children. Scissors are used to cut the props for the stage play. 9) With subject and subjective verb complement of different number, the verb always agree with the subject. My favourite topic is short stories by Edgar Allan Poe. Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe are my favourite topic. 10) With one of those ______ who, use a plural verb. With the only one of those ______ who, use a singular verb. Pocholo is one of those people who like to watch DVDs. Patricia is the only one of those people who likes to read novels. 11) With the number of _____, use a singular verb. With a number of ______ use a plural verb. The number of students who fail the exam increases at an alarming rate. A number of students continue to fail the exam. 12) With every ______ and many a _____, use a singular verb. Every driver knows his away around Makati. Many a Filipino dreams of winning the lottery
GENERAL EDUCATION ENGLISH 3 LITERARY DEVICES Proper interpretation and understanding of literature requires familiarity with literary devices, idioms and figure of speech. Literary devices are also called literary techniques, literary methods or literary motifs. This pertains to identifiable rules of thumb, conventions or structures employed in literature and storytelling. Some common literary devices are presented in the table below. Literary Device Description Aphorism Concise statement that contains a cleverly stated subjective truth or observation. Chekhov’s gun Insertion of an apparently irrelevant object early in a narrative for a purpose only revealed later Cliffhanger The narrative ends unresolved, to draw the audience back to a future episode for the resolution Defamiliarization Forcing the reader to recognize common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, to enhance perception of the familiar Dramatic Representing an object or character with abundant descriptive Visualization Detail, or mimetically rendering gestures and dialogue to make a scene more visual and imaginatively present to an audience Epiphany A sudden revelation or an insight-usually with a symbolic role in the narrative Flashback General term for altering time sequences, taking characters back to the beginning of the tale, for instance Flashforward Also called prolepsis, an interjected scene t5hat temporarily jumps the narrative forward in time Foreshadowing Hinting an events to occur later Juxtaposition Using two themes, characters, phrases, words, or situatuaions together for comparison, contrast, or rhetoric paradox A phrase that describes an idea composed of concepts that conflict Parody Ridicule by overstated imitation, usually humorous Poetic License Distortion of facts, alteration of the conventions of grammar or language, or rewording of pre-existing text made by a writer to improve a piece of art Stream of consciousness Technique where the author writes down their thoughts as fast as they come, typically to create an interior monologue characterized by leaps in syntax and punctuation that trace a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings Symbolism Applied use in symbols: iconic presentations that carry particular conventional meaning Ticking Clock Threat of impending disaster-often used in thrillers scenario where salvation and escape are essential elements NOTES
4 LET Comprehensive Reviewer Based on NCBTS and Table of Specifications (TOS) Idioms are expressions, words, or phrases that have figurative meaning. They are comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made up of. Some common idioms are presented in the column below. Idiom Meaning Lend a hand To help In hot water In trouble Put a lid on it Be quiet Lose your shirt To lose all of or most of your money Lose touch To fail to keep in contact/communication Get the ball rolling Start Once in a blue moon Once in a while, occasionally Blow one’s own horn When a person boasts about how great he/she is Hit the books To study, prepare for class Poker face A face with no expression A dime dozen Very common, easy to find Curiosity killed the cat It’s not good to be too curious The cat’s out of the bag The secret is not a secret anymore It’s raining cats and dogs It’s raining hard A penny for your thoughts Friendly way to say “what are you thinking about?” Money talks Money has power/influence Born with a silver spoon Born rich Figures of speech are moods of expression in which words are used out of their literal meaning or out of their ordinary use in order to add beauty or emotional intensity. They transfer the writer’s sense impressions by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning familiar to the reader. Figure of speech Meaning Alliteration The repetition of an initial consonant word. Apostrophe Breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a no existing character. Assonance Identity or simi9larity of the sound between internal vowels in neighboring words. Euphemism The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit. Hyperbole An extravagant statement; the use if exaggerate terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect.