Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN LỚP 11 2024.docx ✅

1 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN THÁI NGUYÊN ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT THI HỌC SINH GIỎI TRẠI HÈ HÙNG VƯƠNG LẦN THỨ XVII MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - LỚP 11 Thời gian: 180 phút (Không kể thời gian giao đề) (Đề thi gồm có: 18 trang) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU • Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. Thí sinh có 15 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi. • Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. • Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe. Part I. LISTENING (50/200) Section 1. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. (20 points) Traditional Polynesian Navigation Introduction • the islands of Polynesia are in the Pacific Ocean • the Polynesian peoples originally migrated from 1. _______ Asia ______ to the Pacific islands • European explorers were impressed that Polynesian canoes were 2. _______ faster ______ than European ships Equipment on ocean-going canoes • paddles were used for 3. _______ steering ______ • sails were made from the pandanus plant • warm clothes were made from the 4. _______ bark ______ of the paper mulberry tree How Polynesians navigated at sea • they did not have the magnetic compass • they remembered were stars rose and set by making up detailed 5. ______ songs _______ • when it was cloudy, they found the direction by using 6. ______ waves _______ Finding new islands • they could identify certain 7. _______ birds ______ that only live near land • close to land, they could read changes in the sea’s 8. _______ colour/color ______ Recent history • in 1976 the canoe Hokule’a sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti without 9. ______ instruments _______ • now replica traditional canoes have sailed across the Pacific and around the world • as well as sailing, these voyages have created fresh interest in Polynesian culture, music and 10. _______
2 language(s)______ TRANSCRIPT Hi everyone. Today I’m going to be talking about traditional Polynesian navigation and voyaging. Now, in case you don’t know, the islands of Polynesia are in the Pacific Ocean and include Hawaii, Tahiti and Samoa. All of these islands were originally uninhabited by humans. And for many years there was a debate about where the Polynesian people had migrated from. It was once suggested that they came from the Americas. However, that debate has been settled. Today, anthropologists recognise that the Polynesians began their journeys in Asia and from there migrated eastwards to the Pacific islands. It’s believed all the Polynesian islands had been settled by the 13th century. When European explorers arrived in the Pacific in the 17th and 18th centuries, they were impressed by the local canoes. European ships were much stronger, but the indigenous vessels were considerably faster when under sail. What we now know is that Polynesians sailed across open ocean – out of sight of land – long before this occurred elsewhere. And to make these voyages possible, they built remarkable ocean-going canoes. The canoes had two hulls – so are sometimes called ‘catamarans’. They were equipped with large paddles, but these were not a form of propulsion. Instead the paddles were positioned at the back of the canoe to make steering the vessel possible. All these ocean-going canoes had sails. Polynesian sails were triangular in shape and made from the ‘pandanus’ plant, which grows on nearly all Pacific islands. It was also necessary to make warm clothing, as even in tropical waters people could get cold on long voyages. Materials like wool and cotton were unknown to Polynesians. However, the paper mulberry tree grows on most Pacific islands and its bark was remarkably flexible and was used in the manufacture of clothing. Next we come to the issue of navigation at sea. How did Polynesians find their way, once they were out of sight of land? We know that they did not have the magnetic compass, which told other navigators which direction was north. But the Polynesian navigators understood where numerous stars rose and set on the horizon. And using this, they could identify 32 different directions. However, this information about the stars was extremely complex and therefore remembering it all was a challenge. So the navigators had created long and complicated songs to help them recall all the information they needed. Using the stars to navigate was effective – so long as the sky was clear. But when it was cloudy, the navigators couldn’t see the stars. How did they find direction then? Well, they still knew which way to sail the canoe by studying the waves, which usually came from predictable directions in the Pacific at different times of the year.
3 Sometimes they were sailing between islands they had visited before. But very often they were trying to find new islands. How did they know that land was nearby, just over the horizon? Well, there were various techniques. The navigators were experts at recognising those particular birds whose habitat was the open ocean, and those that lived close to islands. So this was one way they knew that land wasn’t far away. They were also skilled at noticing changes to the sea itself. The temperature of the water is constant in that part of the Pacific but its colour could vary in the proximity of land, and that was something else that they were able to detect. Well, as technology developed, traditional voyaging all but died out. The Polynesian peoples travelled by steam ship and later aeroplane, like everyone else. However, in recent history, there has been renewed interest in traditional voyaging. It began in 1976 when a new canoe named Hokule’a was built as a replica of traditional Polynesian vessels. This canoe was sailed from Hawai’i to Tahiti, a distance of more than 4000 kilometres across open ocean. And all the navigation was done using the techniques I’ve outlined today – the crew did not use modern instruments on the voyage. Since then there has been a remarkable renaissance of traditional voyaging. Numerous canoes have been built in different Polynesian countries, which have sailed to almost every part of the Pacific. And the Hokule’a has now completed a 3-year circumnavigation of the world. As well as sailing, these voyages have sparked renewed interest among Polynesians in learning about their traditional cultures. The canoes themselves operate as floating classrooms teaching young people about, for example, the music their ancestors once enjoyed. Another aspect of this has been the teaching of Polynesian languages, some of which were in danger of dying out. Now one thing I’d like to add is... Section 2. Listen to the recording about Primark and answer the following questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided. (10 points) 1. What is the clear choice that Primark has made? bricks and mortar 2. What are not many fast fashion companies making? fat margins 3. What is done at the local distribution center? last mile delivery 4. What was the role of e-commerce for a majority of retailers during the pandemic? lifeline 5. What did Primark launch in 2022 in select UK stores? a trial service / Click and Collect TRANSCRIPT Let's say you wanted to buy this Primark t-shirt. If you're shopping on Primark's website you'll quickly discover that you can't. Over the past 10 years e-commerce sales have more than doubled but last year European fast fashion retailer Primark made 9.5 billion in sales revenue without a single penny from online shopping.
4 We made a very clear choice and our Clear Choice is bricks and mortar. This comes at an uncertain time for struggling clothing retailers. Retailers like Forever 21, JC Penney, and Neiman Marcus have closed stores and filed for bankruptcy. And while a UBS report shows up to 880,000 retail stores will close in the next 5 years, Primark plans to expand to 60 stores in the same time frame. Is driving 2 hours from Toronto to Buffalo to shop at Primark worth it? Heck yes! I used to fly 6 hours to do so. So how is Primark expanding without online shopping? This is the economics of Primark. Fashion retail is incredibly competitive, more so than ever. There's not many players especially in fast fashion that are making fat margins. Pretty much the thinking everywhere is that you have to have this online presence but online shopping is actually incredibly expensive for retailers. You have to have a logistical hub from which you would dispatch the goods and then you'll probably have a local distribution center from which you have to do last mile delivery each step of that just is an extra layer of cost that just eats away at the margin which in fashion is very very slim anyway. But the real killer for e-commerce is that somebody who buys something on the Internet is far more likely to return that product than somebody who goes into a store. Returns are one of the biggest profit losses for online retailers on average. Processing a return for $100 worth of merchandise bought online costs a company $ 2650. For years, online retailers just ate these expenses. Only now are more of them deciding to pass the cost back to the consumer. Primark have just said right from the beginning, we don't think we can make money out of e-commerce. We're not even going to try. We're going to focus all our resources on the physical store and protect our margins, and that wasn't an issue for the retailer until now. Primark is expected to close all 189 of its UK stores tonight and it doesn't have an online offering to fall back on. E-commerce was a lifeline for a lot of retailers during the pandemic they couldn't open their stores but they were still able to make some sales on the internet. But Primark didn't budge even as consumers urged for it to offer online shopping and even after its revenue dropped by almost 22 billion and I think their confidence in this model of having no digital sales and only using stores, I think, was probably shaken by the pandemic. Who knows what would have happened if it had gone on for longer? I think the closures weren't quite long enough to really tip the scales and force them to fundamentally rethink the model. Instead of traditional online shopping, in 2022 Primark launched a trial service called Click and Collect in select UK stores customers can select certain products online then pick up their orders in store. So Primark still has some cost to maintain its website, but it's cheaper than running a true online shop. Section 3. You are going to listen an extract from a radio phone-in programme in which the importance of manners is being discussed. For questions 1-5, decide whether the statement is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). (10 points)