Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ THI HSG ANH 9 NAM ĐỊNH 2022 2023.docx ✅

2 MARTIN: Yes, of course. OK. Then let’s start with a couple of events especially for children. The art gallery is holding an event called ‘Family Welcome’ that day, when there are activities and trails to use throughout the gallery. SUE: That sounds interesting. What time does it start? MARTIN: The gallery opens at 10, and the ‘Family Welcome’ event runs from 10.30 until 2 o’clock. The gallery stays open until 5. And several times during the day, they’re going to show a short film that the gallery has produced. It demonstrates how ceramics are made, and there’ll be equipment and materials for children to have a go themselves. Last time they ran the event, there was a film about painting, which went down very well with the children, and they’re now working on one about sculpture SUE: I like the sound of that. And what other events happen in Burnham? MARTIN: Well, do you all enjoy listening to music? SUE: Oh, yes. MARTIN: Well there are several free concerts taking place at different times – one or two in the morning, the majority at lunchtime, and a couple in the evening. And they range from pop music to Latin American. MARTIN: The Latin American could be fun. What time is that? It’s being repeated several times, in different places. They’re performing in the central library at 1 o’clock, then at 4 it’s in the City Museum, and in the evening at 7.30 there’s a longer concert, in the theatre. SUE: Right. I’ll suggest that to the rest of the family. MARTIN: Something else you might be interested in is the boat race along the river. SUE: Oh, yes, do tell me about that. MARTIN: The race starts at Offord Marina, to the north of Burnham, and goes as far as Summer Pool. The best place to watch it from is Charlesworth Bridge, though that does get rather crowded. SUE: And who’s taking part? MARTIN: Well local boat clubs, but the standard is very high. One of them came first in the West of England regional championship in May this year – it was the first time a team from Burnham has won. It means that next year they’ll be representing the region in the national championship. SUE: Now I’ve heard something about Paxton Nature Reserve. It’s a good place for spotting unusual birds, isn’t it? MARTIN: That’s right – throughout the year. There is a lake there, as well as a river, and they provide a very attractive habitat. So it’s a good idea to bring binoculars if you have them. And just at the moment you can see various flowers that are pretty unusual – the soil at Paxton isn’t very common. They’re looking good right now. SUE: Right. My husband will be particularly interested in that.

4 Dr: All allergies really. An allergy is a physical reaction to a substance. That reaction can be sneezing, an itching, sore eyes, feeling sick, a rash of some kind – like eczema – or breathing difficulties – like asthma. R: And are allergies on the rise? Dr: Oh yes. Absolutely. There’s no doubt about that. When I was at school there was only one boy in the class who had an inhaler. Now – thirty years later –more than half the kids in my daughter’s class have them. R: So, why the great increase? Is it our fault? Dr: Sometimes, yes. Either directly or indirectly. Our lifestyles have changed a lot, starting from birth. It’s a well known fact that bottle­fed babies are more likely to develop allergies than breastfed babies – yet fewer mothers breastfeed because they simply don’t have the time or because of practicalities –like wanting to share the feeding with a partner. Then – when our children are toddlers we smother everything in disinfectant and destroy all traces of germs. R: But surely that’s a good thing? Dr: No, it’s not. Germs are good. Too much cleanliness is bad. Think back to when we were children. We used to make mud pies, splash about in dirty puddles, put all sorts of things into our mouths ... R: So are you saying we aren’t allowing our children’s immune systems to develop? Dr: Yes, that’s exactly what I’m saying. Our obsessions with cleanliness have gone too far. We need to expose our children to germs so that their defence mechanisms have a chance to develop and get stronger. If they aren’t exposed there’s a danger that they’ll develop allergies and food intolerances later on. R: What about genes? Aren’t some allergies genetic? Dr: Yes and no. (laughter) Dr: The jury is still out on that one. Allergy problems do run in the family but we don’t understand why. Scientists have identified cases in families where there’s been some kind of genetic mutation which affects the immune system in some way. This might result in members of a family being more prone to allergies – but not necessarily the same allergies. So Dad might be allergic to milk products while one child gets hayfever and another develops an allergy to some sort of skin cream. R: And this doesn’t explain why there has been such an increase in allergies over the past ten years or so. Dr: No. It doesn’t. R: So what has changed? Dr: Lifestyles ­in a nutshell: Mobile phone use, all technology really. Stress levels are considerably higher than they used to be. We’re exposed to more chemicals and toxic substances: diesel fumes, pesticides. One type of allergy that has risen considerably is food intolerance. In some places an allergy