Tiêu đề 12 Mushroom cultivation.pdf ✅

➢ Mushrooms are the fruiting body of edible fungi, commonly belonging to basidiomycotina and rarely to ascomycotina. ➢ The mushrooms is rich in proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals. ➢ In the early years of mushroom culture in the netherlands, compost was scooped into the mushroom trays and then inoculated with spores. A nine week wait followed, until the mycelium spawned sufficiently, flushing started and the grown mushrooms could be harvested by hand. ➢ The cultivation process hasn’t changed that much, but the way the successive steps are performed differ immensely. ➢ Mushroom cultivation can be divided into five phases: composting, spawning, casing, pinning and harvesting
➢ The growing cycle of mushrooms starts with compost. ➢ Compost preparation starts with horse manure, get it from large horse breeding companies. ➢ Straw, gypsum, chicken manure and water are added to the horse manure. ➢ Commonly 100 kg of dung is mixed with 33 kg of straw. ➢ Gypsum is added @ 25 kg/tonne (1,000 kg) dung. ➢ The straw improves the structure, gypsum ensures the proper acidity and the two manures are the nutrients. ➢ The compost is produced in tunnels in order to prevent the smell. Air purification with ammonia wash prevents gas emissions from manure. ➢ It is kept at about 50oC for one week.

➢ The matured compost is spread onto long stainless steel boxes, the mushroom beds. ➢ The beds are inside special dark rooms called cells. ➢ The temperature in the cells is kept warm, at about 23 degrees Celsius. ➢ A layer of peat casing material is added on top of the compost to keep the compost moist. ➢ Over a period of six days, 20 to 25 litres of water is sprinkled on each cell because more moisture is needed. ➢ After this, the fungus has two days to grow through the covering layer of casing soil.