Tiêu đề TSC GK Unit 1.pdf ✅

-2- PsfO a|Xdf08 ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ! !=! ;f}o{d08nM ;"o{, u|x, pku|x, tf/f ;f}o{d08n (Solar System) ;"o{nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfO{ cfÇgf] cIfdf Pp6} lbzfdf 3'Dg] ljleGg u|x, pku|x, pNsf, nfdk'R5«] tf/f, lk08 cflbsf] ;d"xnfO{ ;f}o{d08n elgG5 . o;nfO{ ;f}o{kl/jf/ klg elgG5 . ;f}o{kl/jf/sf] s]Gb|df ;"o{ /x]sf] x'G5 . of] k[YjLaf6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] tf/f xf] . ;"o{sf] jhg ;f}o{ kl/jf/sf ;a} lk08x¿sf]s'n of]ueGbf &$) u'0ff a9L 5 . a|Xdf08 (Cosmos) tf/f, u|x, pku|x tyf gIfqx¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ a|Ådf08 elgG5 . a|Ådf08sf] pTklQ / o;sf] ;~rfng k|lqmofsf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fgnfO{ ;[li6zf:q (Cosmology) elgG5 . j]bdf ‘æg a|Ådf08sf] ;'? x'G5 g t o;sf] cGTo x'G5Æ egL n]lvPsf] 5 . gIfq gIfq rGb|ky;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 tyflk cfsfzdf /x]sf tf/f ;d"xnfO{ ;d]t gIfq eGg] rng /x]sf] 5 . Hof]ltifLo u0fgf k4ltdf @& gIfqsf] rrf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . @& gIfqdf klxnf] clZjgL xf] eg] clGtd /]jtL xf] . ;"o{ • ;f}o{d08nsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / k|d'v tf/f -lk08_ ;"o{ xf] . • ;f}o{d08nsf] emG8}((% ef/ ;"o{df kb{5 . • ;"o{sf] Jof; !#,$*,$$^ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . • o;n] cfsfzu+ufsf] kl/j|mdf ub{5 / o;n] kl/j|mdf ug]{ sIfnfO{ tf/fk'~hLo s]Gb| -Uoflnl:6s ;]G6/_ elgG5 . ;"o{n] o; ;]G6/sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ @% s/f]8 jif{ nufpFb5 . • @% s/f]8 jif{nfO{ g} a|Ådf08 jif{ elgG5 . • k[YjLdf @% s/f]8 jif{ x'Fbf ;"o{df ! jif{ x'G5 . • ;"o{ / tf/fk'~hLo s]Gb|larsf] b"/L #) xhf/ k|sfz jif{ /x]sf] 5 . • o;sf] cfsif{0f zlQm k[YjLeGbf @* u'0ff a9L ePsf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . • of] k[YjLeGbf !)( u'0ff 7"nf] /x]sf] 5 . • ;"o{nfO{ cfÇgf] cIfdf kl/j|mdf ug{ @% lbg % 306f nfUb5 . • k[YjLdf @% lbg % 306f x'Fbf ;"o{df ! lbg x'G5 . • ;"o{ k[YjLaf6 !$ s/f]8 ** nfv lsnf]ld6/ -( s/f]8 #) nfv dfOn_ 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . ;f}o{d08n • u|x • pNsf • nfdk'R5«] tf/f • lk08sf ;d"x gIfq • rGb|ky ;"o{ • ;f}o{d08nsf] 7"nf] tf/f • k[YjLeGbf !)( u'0ff 7"nf]


-5- • Terrestrial Planets -r§fgo'Qm u|x_÷Inner Planet -;"o{af6 glhssf u|x_ M a'w, z'qm, k[YjL, da\un x'g\. • Gas Gaints -Uof;Lo u|x_÷Outer Planet -;"o{af6 6f9fsf u|x_M a[x:klt, zlg, c?0f / j?0f x'g\. • ;f}o{d08nsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pku|x u]lgld8 -a[x:klt_ xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] pku|x ln8f -a[x:klt_ xf] . • ;g\!%$# eGbf klxnf k[YjLnfO{ s]Gb| agfO{ ;"o{ / cGo u|xx¿n] o;sf] kl/j|mdf ub{5g\eGg] ljZjf; ul/GYof] eg] ;g\!%$# df kf]NofG8sf j}1flgs lgsf]n; sklg{s;n] ;"o{nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfO{ k[YjL nufot cGo u|x, pku|xx¿n] o;sf] kl/j|mdf ub{5g\eGg] tYo ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5 gofF tYo kQf nfUof] . • lbg / /ft a/fa/ x'g] lbg dfr{ @! / ;]K6]Da/ @# tfl/v xf] . • ;KtClif tf/f ;d"xnfO{ ca\u|]hL efiffdf u|]6 ljo/ elgG5 . • ;"o{, u|x, pku|xx¿ nufot ;Dk"0f{ tf/fd08nnfO{ cfsf;Lo lk08 elgG5 . • u'?Tjfsif{0fsf] sf/0f oL ;a} cfsf;Lo lk08x¿ cfsf;df cl8Psf x'G5g\. cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3 (International Astronomical Union or IAU) • cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3sf] :yfkgf slxn] ePsf] xf] < → ;g\!(!(, h'nfO @* df • cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3n] s] sfd ub{5 < → ;"o{, u|x, pku|x, lzz'u|x, pNsflk08, nfdk'R5«] tf/f cflbsf af/]df cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f ub{5 . • cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3sf] sfof{no sxfF /x]sf] 5 < → k|mfG;sf] k]l/;df • cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3sf jt{dfg cWoIf sf] x'g\< → EwineVan Dishoeck [Nitherlands] • IAU sf jt{dfg cWoIfsf] sfo{sfn slxn]af6 ;'? ePsf] xf] < → ;g\@)!* af6 • cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3sf cWoIfsf] sfo{sfn slt jif{ /x]sf] x'G5 < → $÷$ jif{ • cGt/f{li6«o vuf]n lj1fg ;a\3sf ;b:o ;a\Vof b]z slt /x]sf] 5 < → *@ a'w (Mercury) • ;a}eGbf ;fgf] / ;"o{af6 ;a}eGbf glhsdf ePsf] u|x . o;nfO{ ljxfgsf] tf/f (Morning Star) klg elgG5 . • of] ;"o{af6 % s/f]8 &^ nfv lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . • o;sf] Jof; $,*&* lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ *&=( lbg nfUb5 . • ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] jif{ ePsf] u|x;d]t oxL xf] . • o;nfO{ cfÇgf] cIfdf kl/j|mdf ug{ %*=( lbg nfUb5 . • ;"o{sf] kl/e|d0f ult $* lsnf]ld6/ k|lt;]s]G8 /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] s'g} pku|x /x]sf] 5}g eg] o;df jfo'd08n;d]t /x]sf] 5}g . • of] u|xsf] ;"o{tkm{sf] efudf $))) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8 tfkj|md /xG5 eg] ;"o{sf] tfkj|md ;f]em} gkg]{ efudf @&# l8u|L;Dd tfkj|md /xG5 . • of] u|xsf] Psftkm{ lr;f] / csf{tkm{ tftf] /x]sf] x'G5 . • k"jL{o bz{g cg';f/ of] u|xnfO{ a[x:kltsf] kTgL / tf/fsf k'qsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . • of] u|xdf k'u]sf] klxnf] ofg dl/g/ !) xf] . o;nfO{ gf;fn] ;g\!(&# gf]e]Da/ # tfl/vdf k7fPsf] lyof] . • of] u|x bf];|f] tftf] u|x xf] . z'qm (Venus) • ;"o{af6 bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf] u|x z'qm xf] . of] u|x k[YjLaf6 • ;a}eGbf glhsdf /x]sf] 5 . • of] ;"o{af6 !) s/f]8 &% nfv lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . • o;sf] Jof; !@,#@) lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . • o;nfO{ cfÇgf cIfdf 3'Dg @$#=)@ lbg / ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ug{ @@$=&) lbg nfUb5 . • o;sf] kl/e|d0f ult k|lt;]s]G8 #% lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;GWofsf] tf/f klg elgG5 . • o;sf] s'g} pku|x /x]sf] 5}g . z'qm u|xdf @@% lbgsf] Ps jif{ x'G5 . • k[YjLaf6 cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] klxnf] u|x klg z'qm xf] . oxfF a9L dfqfdf sfa{g 8fOcS;fO8 5 . • of] u|xdf tfkj|md $)) l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8;Dd k'Ub5 . • /x:odo u|x, rlDsnf] tf/f, k[YjLsf] h'DNofxf / alxgL u|x;d]t egL lrlgG5 . • Goddess Of Beauty And Love Planet ;d]t o;} u|xnfO{ elgG5 . • ;a}eGbf nfdf] lbg ePsf] u|x tyf jif{eGbf lbg nfdf] ePsf] u|x;d]t oxL xf] . • ;fgf] / ;"o{af6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] u|x • Psfkl§ lr;f] / csf]{kl§ tftf] u|x • ljxfgsf] tf/f • k[YjLsL alxgL • k[YjLsf] h'DNofx / /x:odo u|x • k[YjLaf6 ;a}eGbf glhs / nfdf] lbg ePsf] u|x