Tiêu đề Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature.pdf ✅

FOREWORD International academic exchange on acupuncture has increased with its widespread development and use in the world. There are now many acupuncture specialists, several international and national meetings have been held, and a multitude of publications have appeared. Translations of the original Han (Chinese) texts and characters have proliferated. Numerous problems due to differences of spelling and pronunciation have arisen. Today, the same acupuncture points may have a wide variety of names because of these differences. Furthermore, to help those who do not read Han characters, a variety of alphanumeric codes have been given to meridian and acupuncture points. The need for standardization has become increasingly pressing. In December 1982, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific convened a working group meeting in Manila on the standardization of acupuncture. This was followed by a series of meetings between 1985 and 1989 which ratified the decisions of the working group and made it possible to present the material as it appears in this revised edition. In this second edition, each of the 361 entries has three parts: (1) the standardized name of the classical point, (2) a brief explanation of the name of the point, and (3) a multilingual comparative list of the names of the point. It is hoped that this publication on standard acupuncture nomenclature will contribute to further information exchange on acupuncture throughout the world. S. T. Han, MD, Ph.D. Regional Director
INTRODUCTION Acupuncture as a medical science began more than 2500 years ago in the early Chinese dynasties, and has been constantly evolving ever since, but particularly during the last 30 years. Its development in China, with its many dialects, as well as in neighbouring countries where such languages as Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese are spoken, has given rise to a great many differences in nomenclature. Certain acupuncture points have a number of different names, while the different ways of pronouncing the same Han (Chinese) characters, and a variety of translations and transliterations have all added to the current confusion. Efforts to develop a uniform nomenclature have been going on for some time. In 1965, the Japan Meridian and Points Committee was established, which recommended a tentative standard Japanese name for each acupuncture point, and an international numbering system. In China, the All China Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society established a committee which has developed a standard nomenclature. Since then, several other countries have formed national nomenclature committees. With a view to achieving global agreement on a standard acupuncture nomenclature, the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific has to date sponsored four regional meetings: - Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature, Manila, December 1982. - Regional Consultation Meeting on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature, Tokyo, May 1984.