Tiêu đề Business Structure 1.2 ✅

Activities: ICT, biotech, consultancy, education, AI research. Examples: - Local: Systems Limited (IT services), Careem’s tech hub in Karachi. - International: Google (USA), Infosys (India). 5. Public vs Private Sector Public Sector: Owned and controlled by the government, aims at public welfare. - Local: Pakistan Railways, PIA. - International: NHS (UK), Singapore Power. Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or groups for profit. - Local: Khaadi (fashion retail), Meezan Bank. - International: Apple Inc., Unilever. 6. Changing Importance of Sectors Reasons: - Technological advances (automation, IT revolution). - Economic development (shift from primary to tertiary/quaternary). - Globalisation and outsourcing. - Government policy (privatisation, investment in tech). Consequences: - Employment shifts (less farming jobs, more IT jobs). - Structural unemployment in declining sectors. - Increased GDP contribution from tertiary/quaternary in developed economies. - Growth opportunities in emerging economies for secondary sector (manufacturing). 1.2.2 Business Ownership 1. Types of Business Ownership
Ownership Type Features Local Example International Example Sole Trader Owned and run by one individual; unlimited liability. Small kiryana store in Lahore Local corner shop in UK Partnership 2–20 owners share responsibility; unlimited liability. Law firms in Karachi Ernst & Young (before becoming a corporation) Private Limited Company (Ltd) Separate legal entity, limited liability, shares not publicly traded. Packages Ltd (Pakistan) IKEA (Sweden, family-owned Ltd) Public Limited Company (PLC) Shares traded on stock exchange; greater access to finance; stricter regulation. OGDC, PSO Microsoft, Tesla Franchise Business model licensed to others; brand + McDonald’s Pakistan Subway (global)