Tiêu đề Chemical Change ~[CQ] ✅

ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b  Final Revision Batch 1 ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b Chemical Change PZz_© Aa ̈vq Topicwise Board Analysis eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ UwcK 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 †gvU wMÖb †Kwgw÷a I ivmvqwbK wewμqv 4 1 Ñ 2 5 3 5 20 ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’v I jv-kv‡Zwjqv‡ii bxwZ 5 4 Ñ 2 6 5 10 32 fiwμqvi m~Î I mvg ̈aaæeK (Kp Ges Kc) 11 8 2 9 15 15 12 72 pH I pOH 8 7 1 11 15 12 12 66 evdvi `aeY I evdvi `ae‡Yi wμqv‡KŠkj 3 3 Ñ 5 5 5 6 27 GwmW ÿv‡ii kw3gvÎv I we‡qvRb 7 4 1 4 13 9 5 43 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ UwcK 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 †gvU ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’v I jv-kv‡Zwjqv‡ii bxwZ 1 8 2 5 9 4 7 36 fiwμqvi m~Î I mvg ̈aaæeK (Kp Ges Kc) 2 5 4 6 9 8 9 43 pH I pOH m¤úwK©Z mgm ̈vewj 3 9 8 1 8 7 7 43 evdvi `aeY I evdvi `ae‡Yi wμqv‡KŠkj 4 2 8 6 8 5 9 42 *we.`a.: 2020 mv‡j GBPGmwm cixÿv AbywôZ nqwb| ACS Chemistry Department Gi g‡bvbxZ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœmg~n wMÖb †Kwgw÷a I ivmvqwbK wewμqv 1. DfgyLx wewμqvi •ewkó ̈ n‡jvÑ [Xv. †ev. 23] wewμqvwU †kl nq Dfqw`‡Ki wewμqvi nvi mgvb nq bv mvg ̈ve ̄’vq Avmvi cÖeYZv cÖfve‡Ki f~wgKv Av‡Q DËi: mvg ̈ve ̄’vq Avmvi cÖeYZv 2. wMÖb †Kwgw÷a‡Z AwaK Zvrch©c~Y© bxwZ †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev. 23] cÖfve‡Ki e ̈envi wbivc` `aveK e ̈envi m‡e©vËg GUg B‡Kvbwg `yN©Ubv cÖwZ‡iva DËi: m‡e©vËg GUg B‡Kvbwg 3. CH3COOH (aq) + NH4OH (aq)  Drcv` (X) + H2O(l); wewμqvwUi Drcv‡`i (X) cÖK...wZ Kx? [Kz. †ev. 23] A¤øagx© ÿviagx© Dfagx© wbi‡cÿ DËi: wbi‡cÿ e ̈vL ̈v: CH3COOH (aq) + NH4OH (aq)  CH3COONH4 (X) + H2O(l) `ye©j GwmW I `ye©j ÿvi‡Ki wewμqvq Drcbœ jeY wbi‡cÿ nq| ZvB (X) wbi‡cÿ| 4. wMÖb †K‡gw÷ai m~Pbv KZ mv‡j n‡qwQj? [g. †ev. 23] 1991 1990 1891 1890 DËi: 1991 5. Gwm‡Wi kw3i †Kvb μgwU mwVK? [g. †ev. 23] H2SO3 > HClO > HNO3 > H3PO4 HNO3 > H3PO4 > H2SO3 > HClO HClO > HNO3 > H3PO4 > H2SO3 H3PO4 > H2SO3 > HNO3 > HClO DËi: HNO3 > H3PO4 > H2SO3 > HClO e ̈vL ̈v: HNO3 +5 , H3PO4 +5 , H2SO3 +4 , HClO +1 N I P Gi g‡a ̈ N Gi AvKvi †QvU ZvB HNO3 kw3kvjx 6. wewμqvwUi •ewkó ̈ n‡jvÑ [iv. †ev. 23] (i) m¤§yL wewμqvi AvqZ‡bi ms‡KvPb N‡U (ii) AwaK cwigvY O2 †hv‡M wewμqvi mvg ̈ve ̄’v ev‡g m‡i hv‡e| (iii) cðvrgyLx wewμqvwU Zvcnvix n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii ii I iii i I iii i, ii I iii DËi: i I iii e ̈vL ̈v: wewμqvwU‡Z SO2 Ges O2 Gi ms‡hv‡M †gvj msL ̈v K‡g| A_©vr m¤§yL wewμqvq AvqZ‡bi ms‡KvPb N‡U| wewμqvwU‡Z wewμq‡Ki NbgvÎv (SO2 ev O2) e„w× Ki‡j mvg ̈e ̄’v Wvbw`‡K m‡i hvq A_©vr m¤§yLgyLx wewμqvi MwZ‡eM e„w× cvq| †h‡nZz wewμqvwU Zv‡cvrcv`x ZvB wecixZgyLx A_©vr cðvrgyLx wewμqvwU Zvcnvix n‡e|
2  Chemistry 1 st Paper Chapter-4 7. meyR imvq‡bi g~jbxwZ KqwU? [iv. †ev. 22; h. †ev. 22] 10 12 14 16 DËi: 12 8. meyR imvq‡b- [e. †ev. 22] i. `aveK wnmv‡e CCl4 e ̈eüZ nq ii. eR© ̈ Drcv`b me©wb¤œ ivLv nq iii. welwμqvgy3 `ae ̈vw` e ̈eüZ nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i, ii ii, iii i, iii i, ii, iii DËi: ii, iii e ̈vL ̈v: CCl4 DØvqx e‡j Gi ev®ú evqy‡Z Qwo‡q c‡o| wbtk¦v‡mi m‡1⁄2 †mB evqy MÖnY Ki‡j wKWwb ÿwZMÖ ̄Í nq ZvB CCl4 `aveK wn‡m‡e e ̈envi Kiv hv‡e bv| 9. meyR imvq‡bi AšÍfy©3- [w`. †ev. 22] i. Kÿ ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c wewμqv msNU‡bi †Póv Kiv ii. bevqb‡hvM ̈ KuvPvgvj Kg e ̈envi Kiv iii. gva ̈wgK †MŠY Drcv` n«vm Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i, ii i, iii ii, iii i, ii, iii DËi: ii, iii 10. CH3 – CH2 – OH + CH3 – COOH  CH3 – COO – CH2 – CH3 + H2O †hŠMwUi GUg BKbwg KZ? [P. †ev. 19] 65% 78% 83% 100% DËi: 83% e ̈vL ̈v: GLv‡b, CH3 – CH2 – OH Gi fi = 12 + 3 + 12 + 2 + 16 + 1 = 46 CH3 – COOH Gi fi = 12 + 3 + 12 + (16 × 2) + 1 = 60 CH3 – COO – CH2 – CH3 Gi fi = 12 + 3 + 12 + 16 + 16 + 12 + 2 + 12 + 3 = 88 Kvw•ÿZ Drcv` CH3 – COO – CH2 – CH3|  GUg BKbwg = CH3 – COO – CH2 – CH3 Gi fi CH3 – CH2 – OH Gi fi + CH3 – COOH Gi fi  100% = 88 46 + 60  100% = 83% 11. meyR imvq‡bi AšÍf©~3Ñ [Xv. †ev. 19] i. Kg ÿwZKi ivmvqwbK ms‡kølY ii. bevqb‡hvM ̈ KvuPvgvj e ̈envi iii. eR© ̈ c`v_© cÖwZ‡iva wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii i I iii ii I iii i, ii I ii DËi: i, ii I ii e ̈vL ̈v: meyR imvq‡bi g~jbxwZ 12wU: 1. eR© ̈ c`v_© wbeviY 2. cvigvYweK wgZe ̈wqZv 3. Kg SzuwKc~Y© c`v_© ms‡kølY 4. wbivc` Ges ̄^v ̄’ ̈m¤§Z ivmvqwbK c`v_© DTM¢veb 5. wbivc` `aveK I weKvi‡Ki e ̈envi 6. Aí kw3 Øviv AwaK DTM¢veb 7. bevqb‡hvM ̈ KuvPvgvj e ̈envi 8. cvk¦© Drcv` n«vmKiY 9. cÖfveK e ̈envi 10. eR© ̈ e ̈e ̄’vcbvi wWRvBb •Zwi 11. mwVK mg‡q eR© ̈ we‡kølY 12. `yN©Ubv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb ̈ mnRmva ̈ I wbivc` imvqb| 12. CH3CH2Br + NaOH(aq)  CH3CH2OH + NaBr wewμqvwUi GUg BKbwg KZ? [iv. †ev. 16] 29.11% 30.89% 36.12% 39.12% DËi: 30.89% e ̈vL ̈v: CH3CH2Br Gi fi = 12 + 3 + 12 + 2 + 79.9 = 108.9 NaOH Gi fi = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 CH3CH2OH Gi fi = 12 + 3 + 12 + 2 + 16 + 1 = 46 Kvw•ÿZ Drcv`, B_vbj (CH3CH2OH)|  GUg BKbwg = Kw•ÿZ Drcv‡`i fi †gvU wewμq‡Ki fi × 100% = 46 (108.9 + 40) × 100% = 30.89% (cÖvq)  DÏxcKwUi Av‡jv‡K wb‡¤œi 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e×cv‡Î CaCO3 wb¤œiƒ‡c we‡qvwRZ nqÑ CaCO3(s)  ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(s) 13. wewμqvwU‡K GKgyLx Ki‡Z n‡jÑ [w`. †ev. 16] i. cv‡Îi XvKbv Ly‡j w`‡Z n‡e ii. Drcv`‡K Kw÷K †mvWv `ae‡Y Pvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e iii. cÖfveK e ̈envi Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii ii I iii i I iii i, ii I iii DËi: i I ii e ̈vL ̈v: wewμqvwU n‡jv: CaCO3(s)  ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g) wewμqvwU GKgyLx Ki‡Z n‡j cv‡Îi XvKbv Ly‡j w`‡Z n‡e Zvn‡j CO2 D‡o hv‡e d‡j CaCO3 cybivq Drcbœ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| ZvB wewμqvwU GKgyLx wewμqvq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e| Drcv`‡K KwóK †mvWv `ae‡Y Pvjbv Ki‡j KwóK †mvWv CO2 Gi mv‡_ wewμqv K‡i †mvwWqvg evBKve©‡bU Drcbœ Ki‡e hv A`aeYxq Aat‡ÿc •Zwi K‡i| d‡j wewμqvwU GKgyLx nq|
ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b  Final Revision Batch 3 14. Drcv` M ̈vmwUi Aw·‡Rb cigvYy‡Z m„ó msKiY n‡jvÑ [w`. †ev. 16] sp3 sp2 sp dsp2 DËi: sp3 e ̈vL ̈v: CO2 M ̈v‡m Aw·‡Rb cigvYyi msKivqb: Drcv` M ̈vmwU CO2 O cigvYyi B‡jKUab web ̈vm:  1s2 2s2 2p6  1s2 2s2 2px 2 2py 1 2pz 1 GLv‡b O cigvYy‡Z 2s I wZbwU 2p AiweUvj msKiY cÖwμqvq AskMÖY K‡i PviwU msKi AiwePvj •Zwi Ki‡e| myZivs O cigvYy‡Z m„ó msKiY n‡jv sp3 | ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’v I jv-kv‡Zwjqv‡ii bxwZ 15. ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’vi kZ© bq †KvbwU? [e. †ev. 23] mv‡g ̈i ̄’vwqZ¡ Dfq w`‡Ki myMg ̈Zv wewμqvi m¤ú~Y©Zv cÖfve‡Ki f~wgKvnxbZv DËi: wewμqvi m¤ú~Y©Zv e ̈vL ̈v: ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’vi kZ©: 1. mv‡g ̈i ̄’vwqZ¡ 2. Dfqw`K †_‡K myMg ̈Zv 3. wewμqvi Am¤ú~Y©Zv 4. cÖfve‡Ki f~wgKvnxbZv 16. ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’vi •ewkó ̈ †KvbwU? [wm. †ev. 23] wewμqvi mgvwß wewμqvi GKgyLxZv cÖfve‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv mv‡g ̈i w ̄’wZkxjZv DËi: mv‡g ̈i w ̄’wZkxjZv e ̈vL ̈v: ivmvqwbK mvg ̈ve ̄’vi •ewkó ̈: 1. DfgywLZv 2. wewμqvi Am¤ú~Y©Zv 3. mv‡g ̈i w ̄’wZkxjZv 4. wbqvg‡Ki cÖfve 5. AbyNU‡Ki cÖfve 17. M2(g) + D2(g) ⇌ 2MD(g); H = + ve GB wewμqvqÑ [iv. †ev. 23] (i) ZvcgvÎv e„wׇZ Drcv` e„w× cvq (ii) mvg ̈ aaæeK Kp I Kc Gi gvb mgvb bq (iii) mvg ̈ve ̄’vi Dci Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii ii I iii i I iii i, ii I iii DËi: i I iii e ̈vL ̈v: H = + ve nIqvq wewμqvwU Zvcnvix| ZvB ZvcgvÎv evov‡j wewμqv Wv‡b m‡i wM‡q Drcv` e„w× Ki‡e| †gvjmsL ̈vi cv_©K ̈ n = 0 nIqvq wewμqK, Kp = Kc Ges wewμqK I Drcv‡`i †gvj msL ̈v mgvb nIqvq mvg ̈ve ̄’vi Ici Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB| 18. CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g); H = +41 kJ/mol wewμqvwUi †ÿ‡ÎÑ [iv. †ev. 23] (i) ZvcgvÎv evov‡j mvg ̈ve ̄’v Wvb w`‡K m‡i hv‡e (ii) Pvc evov‡j mvg ̈ve ̄’vi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv (iii) wewμq‡Ki NbgvÎv evo‡j cðvrgyLx wewμqvi MwZ e„w× cv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i ii i I ii i, ii I iii DËi: i I ii e ̈vL ̈v: cÖ‡kœi wewμqvi H abvZ¥K| myZivs wewμqvwU Zvcnvix wewμqv| Zvcnvix wewμqvq ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j wewμqvwU Wvbw`‡K m‡i hvq A_©vr Drcv‡`i cwigvY ev‡o| Avevi, D3 wewμqK I Drcv‡`i †gvj msL ̈v mgvb ZvB wewμqvq Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB| Avevi wewμq‡Ki NbgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j jv-kv‡Zwjqvi bxwZ Abymv‡i wewμqvwU Wvbw`‡K A_©vr m¤§yLgyLx wewμqvi MwZ e„w× cv‡e| 19. 2AB2(g) + C2(g) ⇌ 2A(g) + 2B2(g); H = –XkJ mol–1 wewμqvwUiÑ [e. †ev. 23] (i) Pvc e„w× Ki‡j Drcv` n«vm cv‡e (ii) ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j Drcv` n«vm cv‡e (iii) wewμqvwUi Dfq w`‡Ki myMg ̈Zv Av‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii i I iii ii I iii i, ii I iii DËi: i, ii I iii e ̈vL ̈v: wewμqK A‡cÿv Drcv‡`i †gvj msL ̈v †ewk| ZvB Pvc e„w× Ki‡j wewμqv cðvrgyLx nq Ges Drcv` n«vm cvq| wewμqvq H †h‡nZz FYvZ¥K †m‡nZz wewμqvwU Zv‡cvrcv`x wewμqv| ZvB ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j Drcv‡`i Drcv`b n«vm cv‡e| wewμqvwU mvg ̈ve ̄’vq _vKvq wewμqK I Drcv‡`i Dfqw`‡K myMg ̈Zv i‡q‡Q| 20. Zvcnvix wewμqv n‡jvÑ [w`. †ev. 23] (i) X + Y + Zvc  Drcv` (ii) R + Z  Drcv`; H = + ve (iii) L + T  Drcv` + Zvc wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii ii I iii i I iii i, ii I iii DËi: i I ii e ̈vL ̈v: Zvcnvix wewμqv‡Z Zvc M„nxZ nq Ges Zvcnvix wewμqvi H abvZ¥K| 21. PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g); H = + 124 k.Jmol–1 wewμqvwU‡Z Pvc n«vm Ki‡jÑ [w`. †ev. 23] (i) Cl2 Gi cwigvY e„w× cvq (ii) wewμqv m¤§yLgyLx nq (iii) Kp Gi gvb e„w× cvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii ii I iii i I iii i, ii I iii DËi: i I ii e ̈vL ̈v: wewμqvq Drcv‡`i †gvj msL ̈v wewμq‡Ki †gvj msL ̈v A‡cÿv †ewk| ZvB Pvc n«vm Ki‡j Drcv‡`i cwigvY (PCl3 I Cl2) e„w× cv‡e| A_©vr m¤§yLgyLx wewμqv e„w× cv‡e| wewμqvi Kp Gi Dci Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB|
4  Chemistry 1 st Paper Chapter-4  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: P2(g) + Q2(g) ⇌ 2PQ(g); H = YkJ 22. DÏxc‡Ki wewμqvwU‡Z Pv‡ci cÖfve Kxiƒc n‡e? [Xv. †ev. 23] Pvc evov‡j Drcv` K‡g Pvc Kgv‡j Drcv` ev‡o Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB KP Kg‡e DËi: Pv‡ci cÖfve †bB e ̈vL ̈v: wewμqvwUi †ÿ‡Î, n = 2 – 2 = 0 †h‡nZz GB wewμqvq †gvj msL ̈vi †Kvb cwieZ©b nqwb ZvB G‡Z Pv‡ci †Kvb cÖfve †bB| 23. DÏxc‡Ki wewμqvi †ÿ‡Î Kp I Kc Gi g‡a ̈ m¤úK© †KvbwU? [Xv. †ev. 23] Kp = Kc(RT)–1 Kc = Kp(RT)–1 Kp = Kc Kp = Kc(RT)2 DËi: Kp = Kc e ̈vL ̈v: GLv‡b, n = 2 – 2 = 0 Zvn‡j, Kp = Kc (RT)0  Kp = Kc  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: X2(g) + 3Y2(g) ⇌ 2XY3(g); H = – ve wewμqvwUi mvg ̈ve ̄’vq X2, Y2 Ges XY3 Gi NbgvÎv h_vμ‡g 0.18, 0.56 Ges 0.12 molL–1 24. wewμqvwUi Kc Gi gvb n‡jv- [iv. †ev. 23; P. †ev. 23] 0.45 1.19 2.2 2.9 DËi: 0.45 e ̈vL ̈v: Kc = [XY3] 2 [X2] [Y2] 3 = (0.12) 2 0.18 × (0.56) 3 = 0.45 25. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewμqvi XY3 Gi Drcv`b e„wׇZ M„nxZ c`‡ÿcÑ [iv. †ev. 23; P. †ev. 23] (i) ZvcgvÎv evov‡Z n‡e (ii) Pvc evov‡Z n‡e (iii) XY3 wewμqv cvÎ †_‡K mwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii ii I iii i I iii i, ii I iii DËi: ii I iii e ̈vL ̈v: Dc‡ii D‡jøwLZ wewμqvi H FYvZ¥K| myZivs, wewμqvwU Zv‡cvrcv`x wewμqv| Zv‡cvrcv`x wewμqvq Zvc Kgv‡j Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e| Avevi Drcv‡`i †P‡q wewμq‡Ki †gvj msL ̈v †ewk| myZivs, Pvc e„w× Ki‡j Drcv‡`i cwigvY e„w× Ki‡e| GQvov wewμq‡Ki NbgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j ev Drcv‡`i NbgvÎv n«vm Ki‡jI Drcv`b e„w× cvq| 26. DÏxcK †jLwPÎwU‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q- [e. †ev. 22] E2 E1 E3 P kw3 R wewμqv Aÿ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. Zv‡cvrcv`x wewμqv ii. wewμqv Zvc, H = E3 – E1 iii. mwμqb kw3, Ea = E2 – E1 i, ii i, iii ii, iii i, ii, iii DËi: i, ii, iii e ̈vL ̈v: wPÎvbymv‡i wewμqvi wewμqK R Gi w ̄’wZkw3 (E1) Drcv` P Gi w ̄’wZkw3 (E3) Gi †P‡q †ewk †m †ÿ‡Î AwZwi3 kw3 (E1 – E3) wbM©Z n‡e| myZivs wewμqvwU Zv‡cvrcv`x| mwμqb kw3, Ea = E2 – E1 H = E3 – E1  wb‡Pi mvg ̈ve ̄’vi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mvg ̈ve ̄’v AMÖeZ©x wewμqvi nvi cðvrgyLx wewμqvi nvi wewμqvi nvi  mgq  27. mvg ̈ve ̄’vq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [P. †ev. 22] cÖfve‡Ki cÖfve Av‡Q cðvrgyLx wewμqvi nvi †ewk m¤§yLgyLx wewμqvi nvi †ewk KL‡bv wewμqv m¤ú~Y© nq bv DËi: KL‡bv wewμqv m¤ú~Y© nq bv e ̈vL ̈v: mvg ̈ve ̄’vq m¤§yLgyLx Ges cðvrgyLx wewμqvi nvi mgvb n‡q hvq Ges wewμqvwU KL‡bv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †kl nq bv| 28. mvg ̈ve ̄’vi wewμq‡Ki NbgvÎv e„w× Ki‡j- [P. †ev. 22] i. mvg ̈ve ̄’vi cwieZ©b N‡U ii. mvg ̈aaæe‡Ki gv‡bi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b N‡U bv iii. mvg ̈ve ̄’v Wvb w`‡K m‡i hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i, ii i, iii ii, iii i, ii, iii DËi: i, ii, iii e ̈vL ̈v: mvg ̈ve ̄’vq NbgvÎv evov‡j jv-kv‡Zwjqvi bxwZ Abymv‡i mvg ̈ve ̄’v Wvb w`‡K m‡i hvq d‡j mvg ̈e ̄’vi cwieZ©b N‡U| mvg ̈aaæeK ZvcgvÎvi Dci wbf©ikxj|