Tiêu đề NCM 114 PRELIMS ✅

NCM 112 BY TONS and MADS MODULE 1 Concepts, Theories, and Principles in the Care of the Older Adult CHAPTER 1 ESSENTIALS Gerontology ● broad term used to define the study of aging and/or the aged. ● Includes biopsychosocial aspects of aging. ● Have several subfields: ○ Geriatrics ■ generic term relating to the aged, but specifically refers to medical care of the aged. ○ Social gerontology ■ concerned mainly with social aspects of aging versus the biological or psychological. ■ Social gerontologists not only draw on research from all social sciences —sociology, psychology, economics, and political science—they also seek to understand how biological processes of aging influence the social aspects of aging” ○ Geropsychology ■ Branch of psychology concerned with helping older persons and their families maintain wellbeing, overcome problems, and achieve maximum potential during later life ○ Geropharmacology ■ study of pharmacology as it relates to older adults. ■ credential for a pharmacist certified in geropharmacology is CGP (certified geriatric pharmacist). ○ Financial gerontology ■ emerging subfield that combines knowledge of financial planning and services with a special expertise in the needs of older adults ■ the intellectual intersection of two fields, gerontology and finance, each of which has practitioner and academic components ○ Gerontological nursing ■ Falls within the discipline of nursing and scope of nursing practice. ■ Nurses advocating for the health of older persons at all levels of prevention. ■ Gerontological nurses work with healthy elderly persons in their communities, acutely ill elders requiring hospitalization and treatment, and chronically ill or disabled elders in long-term care facilities, skilled care, home care, and hospice. ■ The scope of practice: all older adults from the time of “old age” until death. ○ Gerontological rehabilitation nursing ■ combines expertise in gerontological nursing with rehabilitation concepts and practice ■ often care for older adults with chronic illnesses and long-term functional limitations such as stroke, head injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, arthritis, joint replacements, and amputations. ■ Purpose: assist older adults to regain and maintain highest level of function and independence possible while preventing complications and enhancing quality of life ROLES OF THE GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE 1. Provider of Care (Caregiver) a. gives direct, hands-on care to older adults in a variety of settings. b. educated about disease processes and syndromes commonly seen in older population 2. Teacher a. Focus teaching on modifiable risk factors and health promotion: lifestyle modifications, healthy diet, smoking cessation, appropriate weight maintenance, increased physical activity, and stress management. b. Educate the older adult population about ways to decrease the risk of certain disorders: heart disease, cancer, and stroke modifications (healthy diet, smoking cessation, appropriate weight maintenance, increased physical activity, and stress management); these are the leading causes of death for this group. 3. Manager a. Balance the concerns of the patient, family, nursing, and the rest of interdisciplinary team. b. Must be skilled in leadership, time management, building relationships, communication, and managing change. c. Supervise other nursing personnel: licensed practical nurses (LPNs), certified nursing assistants (CNAs), technicians, nursing students, and other unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). 4. Advocate a. Acts on behalf of older adults to promote their best interests and strengthen their autonomy and decision making. b. May take many forms: active involvement at the political level or helping to explain medical or nursing procedures to family members on a unit level; helping family members choose the best nursing home c. Does not mean making decisions for older adults, but empowering them to remain independent and retain dignity 5. Research Consumer a. Remain abreast of current research literature, reading and putting into practice the results of reliable and valid studies. b. Using evidence-based practice: improve the quality of patient care in all settings. c. Read professional journals specific to specialty and continue education by attending seminars & workshops, participating in professional organizations, pursuing additional formal education degrees, and obtaining certification. 6. Expanded roles: counselor, case manager, coordinator of services, collaborator and geriatric care manager Settings for Care 1. Acute Care Hospital a. often the point of entry into the health care system for older adults. b. About half of all patients in this setting are 65 years of age or older. c. Gerontological nurses focus on nursing care of acute problems: exacerbations of cardiopulmonary conditions, cancer treatment, and orthopedic problems. 1