Tiêu đề ĐỀ TỰ LUYỆN SỐ 3- BỘ ĐỀ ÔN HSG+ CHUYÊN(KEYS).pdf ✅

1 KHÓA LUYỆN GIẢI ĐỀ THI CHUYÊN/HSG ĐỀ TỰ LUYỆN SỐ 3 Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh Facebook: Mrstranganh87 KEYS 1 1. 69 / sixty-nine 2. stream 3. data 4. map 5. visitors 6. sounds 7. freedom 8. skills 9. 4.95 10. leaders TRANSCRIPT SALLY: Good morning. Hinchingbrooke Country Park, Sally speaking. I’m one of the rangers. JOHN: Oh hello. My name’s John Chapman, and I’m a teaching assistant at a local primary school. I’ve been asked to arrange a visit to the park for two of our classes. SALLY: OK. What would you like to know? JOHN: Well, I’m new to this area, so perhaps you could tell me something about the park first, please. SALLY: Of course. Altogether the park covers 170 acres, that’s 69 hectares. There are three main types of habitat: wetland, grassland and woodland. The woods are well established and varied, with an oak plantation, and other areas of mixed species. Q1 JOHN: Right. SALLY: The wetland is quite varied, too. The original farmland was dug up around 40 years ago to extract gravel. Once this work was completed, the gravel pits filled with water, forming the two large lakes. There are also several smaller ones, ponds and a stream that flows through the park. Q2 JOHN: OK, so I suppose with these different habitats there’s quite a variety of wildlife. SALLY: There certainly is – a lot of different species of birds and insects, and also animals like deer and rabbits. JOHN: And I understand you organise educational visits for school parties. SALLY: That’s right. We can organise a wide range of activities and adapt them to suit all ages. JOHN: Can you give me some examples of the activities? SALLY: Well, one focus is on science, where we help children to discover and study plants, trees and insects. They also collect and analyse data about the things they see. Q3 JOHN: Uhuh. SALLY: Another focus is on geography. The park is a great environment to learn and practice reading a map and using a compass to navigate around the park. Q4
2 JOHN: Do you do anything connected with history? SALLY: Yes, we do. For instance, the children can explore how the use of the land has changed over time. Then there’s leisure and tourism. JOHN: That focuses on your visitors, I would imagine. Q5 SALLY: Yes, mostly. The children find out about them, their requirements, the problems they may cause and how we manage these. And another subject we cover is music: here the children experiment with natural materials to create sounds and explore rhythm and tempo. Q6 JOHN: That must be fun! SALLY: Most children really enjoy it. SALLY: And of course, all the activities are educational, too. Learning outside the classroom encourages children to be creative, and to explore and discover for themselves. JOHN: I would imagine they get a sense of freedom that might not be a normal part of their lives. Q7 SALLY: That’s right. And very often the children discover that they can do things they didn’t know they could do, and they develop new skills. This gives them greater self-confidence. Q8 JOHN: It sounds great. So, what about the practical side of it? How much does it cost for a full-day visit? We would expect to bring between 30 and 40 children. SALLY: If there are over 30, it costs £4.95 for each child who attends on the day. We invoice you afterwards, so you don’t pay for children who can’t come because of sickness, for example. There’s no charge for leaders and other adults – as many as you want to bring. Q9 Q10 JOHN: That sounds very fair. Well, thanks for all the information. I’ll need to discuss it with my colleagues, and I hope to get back to you soon to make a booking. SALLY: We’ll look forward to hearing from you. Goodbye. JOHN: Goodbye, and thank you. KEYS 2 1. safe and reliable 2. washing 3. creeks, lakes, dams 4. filth and dirt 5. drinking TRANSCRIPT Good morning and welcome to yet another lecture in Environmental Science. I don’t think I am telling you a secret when I mention that water is a big worry here in Australia. The stuff is scarce. Perhaps that’s why we drink so much beer, eh? Seriously, though, a safe and reliable source of water is one of the great concerns of people everywhere. Moreover, as the world population grows, the pressure on existing water supplies grows greater and greater. Think about it. Our economic system demands that there be more and more consumers. The growing number of people has been tied to climate change, including droughts. So
3 more people means less water. But our economic system demands a high birth rate. Forget about oil. Soon enough you will see wars for water. Mark my words. But today, I’m going to confine my remarks to Australia. As noted already, here down under, the water supply is extremely scarce. The only drier continent is Antarctica - and remember, no one really lives there anyway. Moreover, in recent years, the wind patterns have changed. Rain that used to fall on the country now falls out to sea hundreds of miles to the south. Now, when I speak of people needing water, most of you probably think of drinking. Certainly everyone needs water for drinking. But surprising as it may sound, drinking is not anywhere near being the main use for water. Most water is actually used for washing. When you take a shower, you probably use well over a hundred litres of water. Every time you flush your toilet, that’s about eight litres. But most people drink no more than two litres or so per day. So, where to get water? It could be obtained from rainwater, but often rainfall consists of other harmful pollutants that evaporated with the water. In fact, acid rain, an intense example of this, causes harmful effects on the wildlife of the habitat on which it falls. Water from underground could also be used, though it is more difficult to contain and often must go through an extensive cleansing process. The purest water is found in rivers, creeks, lakes, and dams. And, sad to say, Australia has precious few of these. Really, how many of your home towns have rivers? Year- round rivers, I mean. The soil tends to be sandy, so water soaks into the ground. Many places are rocky too, so 87% of the rainfall is lost to evaporation. That’s almost twice the evaporation rate in my native Canada! Speaking of rain, we already heard how rainfall is diminishing here in Oceania. The quantity itself isn’t the only problem, either. Going back to the problems with obtaining rainwater, a further problem is that rain is a useful source of water only if air pollution is fairly mild. Again, you’re in a situation where you can’t win. You need water where most people live. People tend to build cities where rainfall is adequate. But then modern cities tend to feature polluted air which renders the rain far less easily usable. OK, let's take a look at the table here, you’ll see it showing the relative pollution of rainfall in the world’s cities. The more people, the dirtier the rain. This is becoming a huge concern for people in the West, who want their water to be pure and safe. Though reliable drinking water is important everywhere, the concern in the West is reflected in all the government regulations and political campaigns aimed at solving this problem. In contrast, there are not as many demands made on the governments in Asian and African cultures to improve the water, as their focus is on other issues. Now, whatever the source of water, we can never afford to forget that all water is highly vulnerable to contamination. Whether we’re getting it from the ground, from bodies of water, or rainfall, it is
4 suscep­tible to a variety of toxins. In fact, that’s why we clean it before using it: water carries with it filth and dirt. This problem shows up in a number of different ways. As humans and all other animals need water to survive, it's no sur-prise to us that one of the most important domestic uses of water is for drinking. Yet if you have old-fashioned lead pipes, you may slowly be poisoning yourself by drinking that nice clear water. The industrial pollution, farm chemicals, and leaky landfills are well-known sources of contaminants as well. KEYS 3 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T TRANSCRIPT Interviewer: Today in the studio, we have Dr Lafford from the Forensic Science Service, who is here to tell us a little more about forensic science ... Dr Lafford: Good morning. Interviewer: Now, I think most people have a fairly good general picture of the kind of work you do – in many ways it’s a development of Sherlock Holmes and his magnifying glass, isn’t it? Dr Lafford: Yes, you could put it that way, although we’ve come a long way since then of course, but Holmes was very much a detective of the modern age – of course he was an intelligent man and his medical knowledge often seemed better than that of his companion Dr Watson, and certainly his observations were always very detailed ... but what sets him apart is that Holmes provides us with a good model – a very good model in fact – of the kind of approach – psychological approach – that a forensic scientist should have, and that is that the forensic scientist is absolutely impartial. Interviewer: So, you’re not strictly speaking part of the police force ...? Dr Lafford: No, we are quite separate. Interviewer: Could you tell us a little about your work and what it is you do? Dr Lafford: Well, the basic principle behind forensic science is that every contact leaves a trace. Wherever we go, whatever we touch, material is transferred both ways. The shoe that leaves a mark on the ground also picks up traces of dirt, and the hand that makes a fingerprint also carries away particles from the object that was handled ... and things like hair or carpet fibres are easily passed from one person to another. Interviewer: I see, so it’s not just that the suspect leaves clues at the scene of the crime, the scene of the crime leaves clues on the suspect ... Dr Lafford: Absolutely, and that is normally the most compelling evidence – not just when you have a fingerprint, for example, but also where you’ve found traces of, say, the carpet at the scene of a crime on the suspect’s clothing, and that, of course, can be very hard to explain away.