Tiêu đề NURSING-THEORISTS.pdf ✅

NURSING THEORISTS THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING ________________________________________________________ 1 #LabaRN NURSING THEORIES • The beginning of nursing theory development can be traced to Florence Nightingale • It is a significant development to a body of substantive knowledge to guide nursing practice to establish nursing as a profession and an academic discipline • Plays an important role in critical thinking and nursing actions towards clinical practice • Backbone of clinical care • Provides the nurse with focus and framework to sort patients data’s in practice • “theory without practice is empty and practice without theory is blind” SIGNIFICANCE OF NURSING THEORIES • At the onset of the 20th century, nursing was not recognized as an academic discipline or a profession, but the accomplishments of the past century led to recognition of nursing both areas. • Led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE • “ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY” • She was given the title “Founder of Modern Nursing. • She established a school of nursing at St. Thomas Hospital in England. • She is the most recognized name in the field of nursing. Her work was instrumental for developing modern nursing practice, and from her first shift, she worked to ensure patients in her care had what they needed to get healthy. • She believed that the person is a holistic individual and thus has a spiritual dimension. o “Matriarch of Modern Nursing” o “First Nursing Theorist” o “The Lady with the Lamp” o ‘Nurse Statistician” Awards: ✓ Order of Merit (OM) ✓ Royal Red Cross (RRC) by Queen Victoria of Great Britain THEORETICAL SOURCES OF NIGHTINGALE’S THEORY 1. Education 2. Literature 3. Intellectuals 4. Religious Beliefs METAPARADIGM IN NURSING: 1. Nursing • The act of utilizing the environment of a patient to assist him in his recovery • Very essential for everybody’s well-being • Wrote “Notes on Nursing” to provide women with guidelines for caring for their loved ones at home and to give advice on how to “think like a nurse.” • She expected nurses to use their powers of observation in caring for patients. 2. Person • Predominantly described a passive patient but whenever self-care is possible, the nurse should ask about the patient’s preference. 3. Health • Envisioned the maintenance of health through prevention of disease by environmental control and social responsibility. 4. Environment • She believed that sick and poor people would benefit from environmental improvements that address their physical and mental aspects. • Nursing was to assist nature in healing the patient. ASPECTS: ✓ Health of houses ✓ Ventilation and warming ✓ Light ✓ Noise ✓ Variety ✓ Bed and bedding ✓ Cleanliness of rooms and walls ✓ Personal cleanliness ✓ Nutrition and taking food ✓ Chattering hopes and advices ✓ Observation of the sick ✓ Petty management NIGHTINGALE AND THE NIURSING PROCESS: 1. Assessment: ask the client what is needed or wanted thru using precise and specific observation concerning all aspects of the client’s physical health and environment. 2. Nursing Diagnosis: the client’s response to the environment and not the environmental problem thru reflecting about the importance of the environment to health and well-being of the client. OUTCOMES AND PLANNING: ✓ Planning is focused on modifying the environment to enhance the client’s ability to respond to the disease process ✓ Desired outcomes are derived from the environmental model HILDEGARD PEPLAU • “INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS” • Peplau emphasizes that both the patient and the nurse mature as the result of therapeutic interaction • This theory contributed to nursing in the areas of clinical practice, theory, and research, adding to the present base of nursing knowledge METAPARADIGM IN NURSING 1) Person: An organism that lives in an unstable balance of a given system. 2) Health: Symbolizes movement of the personality and other ongoing processes 3) Environment: Forces outside the organism in context of socially approved way of living 4) Nursing: significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process