Tiêu đề COMPRE - HANDOUTS - CD (Mr. Aranas) ✅

1 | Page REVIEW FOR PHILIPPINE NURSES LICENSURE EXAMINATION COMMUNICABLE DISEASES DAY-# STAGES OF ILLNESS 1. INCUBATION PERIOD 2. PRODROMAL PERIOD 3. ILLNESS PERIOD (ACME) 4. (+) CONVALESCENT PERIOD 5. (-) DEFERVESCENT PERIOD NERVOUS SYSTEM AFFECTATIONS TETANUS : A bacterial infection characterized by involuntary muscular spasm AKA: Lockjaw CA: Clostridium tetani IP: 3-30 days MOT: Entry to intact skin/ mucus membrane MENINGITIS : inflammation of the meninges AKA: Cerebrospinal fever CA: Neisseria Meningitidis (normal flora of oropharynx) : a gram negative bacteria→ has a structure that resists penicillin] : All CA that causes pneumonia and tuberculosis can cause meningitis (e-coli and others) : 30% of the world are carriers, those who develop the disease are usually immunocompromised IP: 2-10 days MOT: Droplet RABIES : viral infection causing myeloencephalitis (includes muscle and brain) : can hide sa nerves and reveal itself in the future AKA: Hydrophobia, La Rage, Lyssa CA: Rhabdovirus (lyssa-virus family) IP: Humans (2-8 weeks) MOT: Saliva (droplets) POLIOMYELITIS : viral infection causing flaccid paralysis AKA: Heine- Medin Disease; Infantile Paralysis CA: Legio debilitans (virus) IP: 7-21 DAYS MOT: Fecal-oral transmission LEPROSY AKA: Hansen's Disease; Hansenosis CA: Mycobacterium Leprae (acid-fast bacilli: resists gram stain) : cell wall is made of mycolic acid (lipids) → prevents gram staining → slow reproducing → they can restructure → has many types → no lifetime immunity IP: 6 months - 8 years or more MOT: Droplets (primary) and contact transmission (secondary) CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AFFECTATIONS DENGUE AKA: Hemorrhagic Fever; Breakbone Fever (Chikungunya); Dandy Fever; Infectious Thrombocytopenic Purpura CA: 1. Flavivirus, has four (4) strains, all present in Philippines 2. Chikungunya 3. Onyong nyong virus IP: 6-7 days MOT: Only female mosquito bites 1. Bite of Aedes Egypti (tropical tiger, spotted mosquito; indoor) 2. Bite of Aedes Albopictus (outdoor) MALARIA : A protozoal infection AKA: Ague; Marsh Disease; King of Tropical Disease CAUSATIVE AGENTS: 1. Plasmodium Falciparum 2. Plasmodium Vivax 3. Plasmodium Ovale 4. Plasmodium Malariae 5. Plasmodium Knowlesi MOT: Anopheles flavirostris SCHISTOSOMIASIS : blood fluke infection AKA: Snal-fever; Bilharziasis CA: 1. S. japonicum (lives in blood vessel of GI Tract) 2. S. mansoni (lives in blood vessel of GI Tract) 3. S. haematobium (blood vessels in GUT, absent in philippines) IP: 2 months EBOLA CA: Ebolavirus has 5 strains First strain: Bundibugyo Second strain: Zaire Third strain: Sudan Fourth strain: Reston (Present in Philippines, affects pig) Fifth strain: Taî Forest IP: 2-21 days MOT: 1. Human to human exposure to body secretions (except sweat) 2. Vector Animals (CGF- MAP) ZIKA : first identified in1947 : mild, good prognosis, sporadic. Usually in Ilo-ilo : Virus EA: Zikavirus (family of flavivirus, like in hepatitis) IP: 3-14 days MOT: Aedis Aegypti and Aedis Albopictus (day biting) LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FILARIASIS : Lymphatic worm infection (worm infesting the lymphatic system) EA: 1. Wuchereria bancrofti ✰ 2. Brugia Malayi 3. Brugia Timori IP: 8-16 months MOT: Aedes Poecelius ( night biting tiger mosquito) and culex tarsalis and culex fatigan : Common in Region 5, 8, 11. Specifically, Saranggani and Marinduque