Tiêu đề TOPIC 9 - CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG.docx ✅

TOPIC 9. PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động) PART 1. GRAMMAR Câu chủ động: (active) S V O Câu bị động: (passive) S BE + P II By + O  Structure (Cấu trúc chung)  Chú ý:  Động từ BE trong câu bị động phải được chia cùng thì động từ với câu chủ động.  Trong câu chủ động, nếu chủ ngữ s là I, you, we, they, he, she, it someone, everybody, people, ...(chủ thể không rõ ràng) thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động không dùng [ by + O].  [by + O] đứng sau trạng từ chỉ tần suất, địa điểm; đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian. Example: Active Mary helped the boy. Passive The boy was helped by Mary.  Verb forms in the Passive voice (Các dạng bị động theo động từ) Verb Forms Active Voice (chủ động) Passive Voice (bị động)  Present simple (Hiện tại đơn) S + V (s / es) They always make coffee in the morning. S + am / is / are + P II Coffee is always made in the morning.  Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + Ving I’m making some models now. S + am / is / are + being + P II Some models are being made now.  Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành) S + have / has + PH My parents have just watered the plants. S + have / has + been + P II The plants have just been watered by my parents.  Past simple S + Vpast S + was / were + P II
(Quá khứ đơn) Anna bought a lot of books yesterday. A lot of books were bought by Anna yesterday  Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) S + was / were + Ving I was cutting my hair. S + was / were + being + P II My hair was being cut.  Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + P II The mechanic had repaired the car. S + had + been + P II The car had been repaired by the mechanic.  Future simple (Tương lai đơn) S + will + V Peter won’t book the ticket tomorrow. S + will + be + P II The ticket won’t be booked by Peter tomorrow.  Near future (Tương lai gần) S + am / is / are + going to + V They are going to publish a new book. S + am / is / are + going to + be + P II A new book is going to be published.  Future perfect (Tương lai hoàn thành) S + will + have + P II I’ll have posted all the letters by noon. S + will + have + been + P II All the letters will have been posted by noon.  Modal Verbs (Động từ khuyết thiếu) S + modal verb + V (can, may, should, must, etc) Everyone should protect the environment. S + modal verb + be + P II The environment should be protected.  Infinitives (Động từ nguyên mẫu có To) To V We need to finish this work by tomorrow. To be P II This work needs to be finished by tomorrow.  Gerunds (Danh động từ) Ving I hate people staring at me. Being P II I hate being stared at.  Imperative (Câu mệnh lệnh) (Please) + V + 0 Please complete this exercise. S + must / should + be + P II This exercise must /should be completed.  Chú ý:  GET có thể sử dụng thay thế BE trong cách nói suồng sã, để diễn tỏ cái gì đó xảy ra bất ngờ. His jeans got caught on a spike as he was climbing over the fence.
 With + công cụ/vật vật miêu tả cái gì gây ra hành động hoặc cái mà chủ thể sử dụng để đưa ra hành động.  Of + chất liệu This photo was taken with an expensive camera. The basement was flooded with water. This table is made of wood.  Special cases (Các dạng bị động đặc biệt) S + have + SB + V + O  S + have + O + PII by SB I have Peter fix my bike.  I have my bike fixed by Peter. 1. Causative forms (Thể sai khiến) S + get + SB + to V + O  S + get/have + O + PII by SB I got Peter fix my bike.  I got/had my bike fixed by Peter. S + employ/hire + SB + to V + O  S + have + O + PII by SB I will hire Peter fix my bike.  I will have my bike fixed by Peter. 2. Verbs with two objects (Động từ có hai tân ngữ) - Cả tân ngữ chỉ người và chỉ vật đều có thể được dùng làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động. - Một số động từ thường có hai tân ngữ: give, buy, make, send, get, write, tell, teach, show, etc. He gave me a rose.  I was given a rose by him.  A rose was given to me by him. She is making him a cup of tea.  He is being made a cup of tea.  A cup of tea is being made for him. 3. Verbs followed by V (Động từ theo sau bởi V nguyên thể) make, hear, help, see, etc + V  be made, heard, helped, seen, etc + to V John made me leave.  I was made to leave (by John). 4. Let + V (Cho phép) S + let + O + V  S + be allowed to V They didn’t let him go out.  He wasn’t allowed to go out. 5. Verbs with prepositions (Động từ đi kèm giời từ) - Câu chủ động, động từ đi kèm giới từ: V + O + prep - Câu bị động, giới từ đứng ngay sau đông từ: be + P II + prep. A car has knocked me down.  I have been knocked down by a car. - Câu phức ở dạng chủ động gồm hai mệnh đề và những động từ chỉ quan điểm: think, say, believe, consider, expect, find, hope, know, report, understand, etc.  Cấu trúc chủ động: S 1 + V 1 (think, say …) that + S 2 + V 2  Các chung: It + be + P II (V 1 ) + that + S 2 + V 2 6. Complex sentences (Câu phức) - Câu phức ở dạng bị động có hai cách chuyển  Nếu động từ ở hai mệnh đề tương đương về thì: S 2 + be + P II (V 1 ) +to V (V 2 )  Nếu động từ ở hai mệnh đề không tương đương về thì: S 2 + be + P II (V 1 ) +to have P II (V 2 ) - Cách nhận biết tương đương/không dường đương về thì Tương đương:  HTĐ – HTĐ/HTTD/TLĐ/TLG  QKĐ – QKĐ/QKTD Không tương đương:
 HTĐ – QKĐ/HTHT  QKĐ – QKHT/TLĐ Examples: 1. They say that Mr. David lives in New York.  It is said that Mr. David lives in New York. (cách 1)  Mr. David is said to live in New York. (cách 2 - tương đương thì động từ) 2. They say that Mr. David lived in New York many years ago.  It is said that Mr. David lived in New York many years ago. (cách 1)  Mr. David is said to have lived in New York many years ago. (cách 3 - không tương đương thì động từ) 7. Need (Cần làm gì) S + need + V/to V + O  S + need + Ving/to be P II + [by O] I need wash/to wash my hat.  My hat needs washing/to be washed. 8. Be supposed to - Có bổn phận, trách nhiệm làm gì It’s one’s duty + to V + O  S + be supposed + to V + O It’s your duty to clean the room.  You are supposed to clean the room. - Được cho là, được nói là … (= be said to V) Jack is supposed to be very rich.  Jack is said to be very rich. PART 2. PRACTICE A. CONSTRUCTED-RESPONSE (Tự luận) Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets. 1. I ___________ a piece of advice by my mother every day. (give) 2. The Internet ___________ all over the world. (use) 3. Laura ___________ (not, allow) to go out after 10 p.m. 4. They ___________ by their teacher every day because of their laziness. (punish) 5. ___________ your eyes ___________ by the doctor yearly? (examine) 6. The trees ___________ by the kids at the moment. (water) 7. Look! The big truck ___________ by the customs officer. (check) 8. The thieves ___________ by the police car now. (follow) 9. Paper ___________ by the Chinese many years ago. (invent) 10. The conference ___________ due to the president’s absence yesterday. (not, hold) 11. All the rooms in my house ___________ before Tet holiday last month. (decorate) 12. The exam papers ___________ by the teacher this morning. (mark) 13. My shirts ___________ by my mother when I entered the room. (iron) 14. The police appeared while a young man ___________ by two hooligans. (beat) 15. The letters ___________ by the secretary at 9.00 yesterday. (write) 16. I am sure the robbers ___________ within a few days. (catch)