Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ DUYÊN HẢI BÌNH DƯƠNG LỚP 10 2024.docx ✅

1 SỞ GD-ĐT TỈNH BÌNH DƯƠNG TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HÙNG VƯƠNG ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT (Đề thi gồm 15 trang) KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ LẦN THỨ XV - NĂM 2024 Môn: TIẾNG ANH – LỚP 10 Thời gian: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) LISTENING (50 POINTS) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU • Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. Thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi. • Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 03 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe. • Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe. Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen and complete the note below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. (10 points) RATNER ATHLETICS CENTRE Example: Current students get membership for no change / free  A yearly membership costs (1) ________£240 ________ for alumni  Features offered include:  the Emily Pankhurst (2) ________ fitness centre/center ________  the Dalton (3) ________ swimming pool ________  personal (4) ________ trainers ________ at an extra charge  Hours: 6 a.m. to (5) _______ midnight/ 24.00_________ on weekdays and 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekends TRANSCRIPT S = Former student, Shannon Fleet E = Employee E: Hello, Ratner Athletics Centre; how can I help you? S: Yes, hi. I’m interested in finding out some information about membership E: Certainly. Are you a student? S: No. Is that a problem? I was a student here two years ago … E: Alright, that’s no problem. Current students get memberhsip for no charge (Example), but recreational memberships are also available for purchase for university faculty, staff, alumni, and retirees, as
2 well as their spouses and children. S: Ok, good. How much does it cost? E: (Q1) For an alumnus, that's two hundred and forty pounds annually, or one hundred pounds for a month. S: Oh. That's quite expensive. It's a shame I didn't take advantage of the athletics facility when I was a student here. I'll have to think about this. E: Well, we do offer a really excellent facility. For the cost, members have access to the (Q2) Emily Pankhurst Fitness Centre, which is a beautiful exercise space open and full of light. The fitness centre includes two weight circuits, free weights, rowing machines, elliptical trainers, recumbent and upright bicycles, step mills, and treadmills and many many other activities. But the most prominent, and I'd have to say popular, feature of the Ratner Centre is (Q3) the Dalton swimming pool. It's 50 metres by 25 metres and includes up to 20 lanes in the 25-metre dimension and nine lanes in the 50-metre dimension, and also has two one-metre diving boards available. What activities, specifically, are you interested in? S: Yes, well, I'm interested in swimming, and also in getting started with some weight training, although I've never tried it before in my life. I feel rather intimidated, actually. Is there instruction available? You know, someone to teach me to use the machines and maybe help me figure out a training programme to reach my goals? E: Yes, we have (Q4) personal trainers available for an additional cost. We also offer fitness evaluation, which by the way I highly recom- mend for someone just starting out with weight training, and you would be orientated to the machines as part of this. S: Oh, one more thing. What are the opening hours? E: We're open (Q5) from six in the morning to midnight on weekdays and from six in the morning to nine p.m. on weekends. S: Oh, that's good. Alright, well, I guess I'd like to join. Part 2: For questions 6-10, listen to a short talk about how cigarettes affect our body and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points) 6. Smoking damages tooth enamel due to the presence of tar. T 7. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke binds to hemoglobin in the blood, boosting oxygen transport. F 8. Smoking hardly affects fertility in women or erectile function in men. F 9. The risk of developing fatal lung cancer halves within one year of quitting smoking. T 10. Nicotine replacement therapy aids in smoking cessation by preventing withdrawal symptoms without introducing harmful chemicals. T
3 TRANSCRIPT Cigarettes aren’t good for us. That’s hardly news. We’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit physically when we finally give up smoking. With each inhalation, smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances into contact with the body’s tissues. (Q6) From the start, tar, a black, resinous material, begins to coat the teeth and gums, damaging tooth enamel, and eventually causing decay. Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose, causing loss of smell. Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections, as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema. It does this by damaging the cilia, tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean. It then fills the alveoli, tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. (Q7) A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood, binding to haemoglobin and displacing the oxygen it would usually have transported around the body. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath. Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called (Q7) nicotine to the brain, triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters including endorphins that create the pleasurable sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette simultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining, restricting blood flow. These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness, increasing the likelihood that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes. Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can trigger dangerous mutations in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. Additionally, ingredients like arsenic and nickel may disrupt the process of DNA repair, thus compromising the body’s ability to fight many cancers. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones. (Q8) It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause erectile dysfunction. But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost immediate and long-lasting physical benefits. Just 20 minutes after a smoker’s final cigarette, their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal. After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize, increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize. After two days, the nerve endings responsible for smell and taste start to recover. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing and shortness of breath. The delicate hairlike cilia in the airways
4 and lungs start recovering within weeks and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection. By the one-year anniversary of quitting, heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves. Five years in, the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines, and the risk of stroke continues to reduce. (Q9) After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored. Fifteen years in, the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease is essentially the same as that of a non-smoker. There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression, resulting from nicotine withdrawal. But fortunately, such effects are usually temporary. And quitting is getting easier, thanks to a growing arsenal of tools. (Q10) Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges, and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes. They work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms, without the addition of other harmful chemicals. Counselling and support groups, cognitive behavioural therapy, and moderate-intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free. That’s good news since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health. Part 3. You will hear a radio interview about meals and consuming food. For questions 11-15, choose the answer (А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you hea. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on your answer sheet. (10 points) 11. Heston gives the example of eating with plastic utensils ________________. A. because many listeners might be able to relate to this situation. B. because it evokes the memories of eating food. C. to illustrate poor experience of consuming food. D. to show factors that contribute to the experience of eating. 12. What aspect of taste does Heston bring up? A. Fat is taste just like any other. B. There is a difference between taste and flavour. C. Smell is a vital part of taste. D. As we age, we gradually lose our taste. 13. The salt experiment shows that ________________. A. you can feel the taste of something you can’t smell. B. smell as one the senses is the least powerful. C. you can enjoy food better if you don’t smell it. D. food flavour can change as you eat it. 14. What is Heston’s opinion on the bitter taste?