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Unit 1. A long and healthy life LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 1. A. infection B. ingredient C. press-up D. energy 2. A. virus B. cut C. up D. muscle 3. A. expectancy B. antibiotic C. active D. recipe Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differ from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 4. A. bacteria B. examine C. ingredient D. properly 5. A. balanced B. disease C. fitness D. illness VOCABULARY II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. If people have a properly _______ diet, they can combat infection easily. A. balanced B. fair C. equal D. steady 2. The doctor fully _______ her but couldn't find anything wrong with her physical health. A. surveyed B. explored C. examined D. reviewed 3. Eating disorders which radically affect your mood can be a mental _______. A. ill B. illness C. fitness D. treatment 4. As his brain areas controlling balance are damaged, he has to _______ alcoholic drinks. A. cut down on B. cutback C. cutoff D. make a cut 5. He would not _______ his clear goal of 30 minutes of high intensity exercise each day in the face of poor health. A. achieve B. give up C. setoff D. establish 6. Some diet food can be false as they are labelled _______ while not all the fat content is removed. A. fatness B. full-fat C. fat-free D. no fat 7. We should choose something more _______ than a salty and oily ready-made snack. A. nutrient B. nutritious C. nutrition D. nutritionist III. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. 1. Many patients haven't received immediate (treat) ________ when they are in desperate need. 2. Swimming is an effective way to build up the (strong) ________ of our muscles. 3. Our body needs essential minerals and vitamins to fight serious (infect) ________ . 4. He has trained very hard to become a top (fit) ________ coach in this gym. 5. I don't think the stomach ache is connected with food (poison) ________ . 6. High consumption of fish and soybeans is the reason for the higher life (expect) ________ of the Japanese. 7. My sister is suffering from a great loss of health due to eating (proper) ________ . KEY: 1. treatment 2. Strength 3. infection 4. fitness 5. poisoning 6. Expectancy 7. improperly IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Many experts said coronavirus spread would effectively be halted as lockdown was imposed. A. development B. isolation C. transmission D. activation 2. A recent study reveals that women's dietary habits have changed significantly from unhealthy food to more nutritious one. A. eating B. smoking C. regular D. personal V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. He had terribly suffered continual back pain from a bad injury until he was surgically treated last year. A. hurt B. affected C. put up with D. relieved
2. Sally had an unexpected violent headache so she had to see the doctor in the late evening, after regular hours. A. scheduled work hours B. closing time C. peak time D. office hours GRAMMAR VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. I _______ many kinds of bread and on the whole I _______ out that whole grain bread even tastes better than white bread. A. tried - found B. have tried - have found C. try - found D. tried - have found 2. Since the 1970s, the average cholesterol level of the American _______ due to the growing consumption of red meat and sweeteners. A. increased B. is increasing C. has increased D. increases 3. Before Covid-19, 50% of Americans _______ out once a week for convenience and for the enjoyment of it. A. eat B. ate C. had eaten D. has eaten 4. Since the pandemic _______, many people _______ less active and energetic. A. began - have been B. begin - are C. has begun - were D. began - were 5. How many world records _______ Usain Bolt, one of the fastest short distance runners alive, _______? A. did - break B. is - breaking C. does - break D. has - broken VII. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple and present perfect. 1. We (meet up) ________ for the first time when we were both college students. 2. Past generations (grow) ________ their own grains so they could have fruits and vegetables packing vital nutrients. 3. Over the last decade, our eating habits (change) ________ considerably, with our diets becoming more balanced and adequate. 4. During the Second World War, due to a shortage of white flour, bread (be) ________ usually brown and whole wheat. 5. Since microwave ovens were invented, convenience food (become) ________ popular with people eating the pre-prepared meals several times a week. KEY: 1. met up 2. grew 3. have changed 4. was 5. has become VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 1. I have taken part in a half marathon for the first time when my brother urged me to be more A B C physically active. D 2. Based on 2019 statistics, people who have downloaded exercise apps tend to take exercise A B C more regularly than those who didn't. D 3. Because I always want to be well-prepared for the biggest festival of the year, I already buy A B C D all the Christmas presents. 4. It's the first time we tried Greek yoghurt though we all know it contains fewer carbs than A B C D regular yoghurt. 5. It's high time you have replaced your favourite fast food with healthier and more delicious meals. A B C D KEY: 1. A → took 2. B → downloaded 3. D → have already bought
4. B → have tried 5. B → replaced SKILLS READING I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5. People are usually unaware that they are consuming more salt than they really need. (1) ________ salt intake to less than 5g per day could prevent millions of deaths each year. Too much salt in the diet can lead to heart disease and high blood pressure. In the early 1960s, Japanese life (2) ________ was the lowest of any G7 country, due to stomach cancer which partly resulted from the enormous amount of salt they (3) ________ into their food. The decrease in salty food intake is partly responsible for the longer longevity of the Japanese nowadays. Many food manufacturers are reforming the (4) ________ to reduce salt in their products. Since they realised the risks salt might bring to health, many consumers (5) ________ into the habit of checking nutrition labels to see how much salt is in a product before buying it. 1. A. Cutting down on B. Making up C. Getting down to D. Setting in 2. A. cycle B. insurance C. sentence D. expectancy 3. A. are adding B. have added C. added D. would add 4. A. directions B. recipes C. prescriptions D. instructions 5. A. felt B. are falling C. have fallen D. will fall II. Read the following web article and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Getting a good sleep is as important as having a balanced diet or taking regular exercise. Though sleep requirements differ from person to person, most adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night. Poor night sleep can put your health and safety at risk, which is why it's vital that you prioritise and protect your sleep on a daily basis. Numerous studies have connected the lack of sleep with weight gain. A 2020 analysis found that adults who slept fewer than 7 hours per night had a 41% increased risk of running into weight problems. Increasingly high levels of a hormone called ghrelin that makes us feel hungry are reached with the lack of sleep. As a result, we tend to eat more calories and easily become obsessed. The matter can be worsened when exhaustion after a night of too little sleep may make you become unmotivated to work out, go for a walk or any other physical activities. A specific study on overworked employees has also provided a good example of the relation between sleep and concentration. It found out that doctors with moderate and high sleep-related problems were 54% and 96% more likely to make clinically medical errors. 1. 7 to 9 hours per night are a required amount of sleeping time for adults. ________ 2. 41 per cent of adults who do not have enough sleep have weight problems. ________ 3. Ghrelin, the hormone that makes us feel hungry usually wakes us from sleep. ________ 4. The lack of sleep makes us too tired to work out at gyms or take physical exercise. ________ 5. Doctors who have more sleep-related problems face a stronger possibility of making professional mistakes. ________ KEY: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Almost everyone's exercise habits changed when the Covid-19 started. Data from more than 400,000 users of smartphone step-counting apps concluded that around the world, average daily steps declined by about 27 percent by the end of the first month. The more dramatic drop in the time people spent working out was observed among those who had been the most active before the pandemic. After the lockdowns were lifted, most people began exercising again. However, in general, only those older than 65 exceeded the previous minutes of taking part in physical activities. On average, they added 20 minutes more to the time they had usually spent on regular exercise. Older people probably had more free time for exercise than younger adults who are trying to deal with child care, work and many other responsibilities. Moreover, with old age as a condition of Covid-19 cases and
deaths, it stands to psychological reason that older people might have worried more about their general health, motivating them to get up and do activities that improve their fitness. A study has also shown that since the lockdown measures were adopted, many people reached their general practitioners to ask about the appropriate intensity of physical activities that they could do at home. The doctors made a list of light activities that one could do at home and reduce time spent sitting or lying down and break up long periods of not being able to do moderate and high intensity activities. The list contains moving around their home, cleaning and dusting, making the bed and walking at a slow pace. 1. Which of the following is not the conclusion of the research mentioned in paragraph 1? A. People who had been more energetic before the pandemic became more inactive during the first month of lockdown. B. On average, the number of steps people took decreased by about 27% in the first month of lockdown. C. More than 400,000 people downloaded smartphone step-counting apps so they could join the research. D. People's exercise habits changed after the lockdown measures were implemented. 2. The underlined word exceeded in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______. A. passed B. cut C. took D. shortened 3. Because age is a factor contributing to the Covid-19 deaths, old adults _______. A. have more time to do exercise B. don't have so many responsibilities in life C. no longer want to work D. are driven into improving their health 4. According to doctors, _______ are suitable to be done at home during lockdowns. A. light activities B. moderate intensity activities C. high intensity activities D. none of the listed activities 5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Why older people tend to do more physical activities after the pandemic lockdowns. B. How the pandemic is changing old people's exercise habits. C. What was the most affected age group when the lockdown measures were used. D. What are the appropriate activities to do at home during the pandemic lockdowns. SPEAKING IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges. 1. Patient: Doctor, I've had a backache since Monday morning. Doctor: _______ A. You should try lifting weights. B. Remember to have your eye test regularly! C. Have you tried doing some stretches yet? D. Can I help you with that? 2. A: Good morning, madam. I am Kevin. I am a fitness trainer here. _______ B: Good morning. I am Linda. As you can see, I am overweight. I want to start a workout routine for obese beginners. A. How can I help you? B. You look so fit and healthy. C. I've worked here for 3 years. D. What kind of samples do you have? V. Complete the conversation with the expressions in the box. A. You are right that it makes people sick. B. You must be kidding. C. I am in some doubt about that. A: Fast food is bad for your health. I think the government should ban it completely. B: (1) ________ . I think eating fast food is convenient. It requires no cooking and is very helpful if you don't have time or a kitchen. A: But eating poor quality diets is linked to risks of obesity and cancer. Do you know that having fast food more than once a week increases the risk of death from heart disease?