Tiêu đề EDX Topic 14 Organic.pdf ✅

Topic ? Organic Chemistry 1

As the chain gets longer: Melting and Boiling points increase Density increases Viscosity increases (compounds flow less easily) Compounds become less flammable No. of Carbon Atoms Homologous Series The name of Organic Compounds tells us No. of Carbon Name starts with 1 Meth- 2 Eth- 3 Prop- 4 But- 5 Pent- 6 Hex- 7 Hept- 8 Oct- 9 Nan- 10 Dec- Homologous Series Name ends in Alkane -ane Alkene -ene Alcohol -anol Carboxylic Acid -anoic acid Naming Organic Compounds Examples: An Alkane made up of 1 Carbon is called: Methane An Alkane made of 2 Carbon atoms is called: Ethane An Alkene that is made of 2 Carbon atoms is called: Ethene An Alcohol that is made of 2 Carbon atoms is called: Ethanol A Carboxylic Acid made of 2 Carbon atoms is called: Ethanoic Acid Topic ? 3
Representing Organic Compounds Molecular Formula: a formula that shows the actual number of each type of atoms present in a molecule. Structural Formula: a formula that shows the way the atoms are arranged in a molecule. Displayed Formula: a formula that is drawn to show types of bonds. Example: propene has molecular formula C3H6 Example: propene has structural formula CH3CH=CH2 Example: propene has displayed formula 3 2 1 Empirical Formula: a formula that shows the simplest whole no. ratio of atoms in a molecule. Example: propene has empirical formula CH2 Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons: organic compounds made of carbon & hydrogen only. They are saturated hydrocarbons; all their c—c bonds are single covalent bonds They are hydrocarbons as they are made of carbon & hydrogen only General formula of alkanes is The boiling point increases, as the chain gets longer. The first 4 alkanes are gases, the next 12 are liquids. The rest are solids. Because the attraction forces between the molecules get stronger, so more energy is needed to overcome these attraction forces. Homologous Series of Alkanes: Topic ? 4