Tiêu đề Chapter - 3 How_Do_Organisms_Reproduce.pdf ✅

ChemContent Fragmentation • Adult organisms, on maturation, break up into smaller fragments. Each fragment develops into a new individual. Spirogyra Budding • A small outgrowth called a bud arises on the parent body. • The bud grows by repeated cell divisions. • It then breaks off from the parent body and develops into a new individual. Hydra, sponges, corals, yeast Regeneration • Regeneration is the ability of organisms to generate lost or damaged body parts. • Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells. • These form a mass of cells which undergo changes to form cells specialised in different functions. • If planaria is cut into small pieces,then each piece develops into a new planaria. Lizard, starfish, planaria, hydra Spore Formation • Spores are special structures produced in sacs called sporangia. • When spores mature, sporangia burst and spores are carried by air or water to different places. • When spores fall on a suitable ground, they germinate and give rise to new plants. Moss, Fern, Fungi Vegetative Propagation Vegetative propagation in Bryophyllum • Several plants are capable of producing naturally through their roots, stems and leaves. Such type of reproduction is called vegetative propagation. Sweet potato (by roots) Bryophyllum (by leaves) Ginger (by stem)