Tiêu đề Prahaar Summary 2025_Social Justice_E-Book.pdf ✅

4 Prahaar Summary 2025 Social Justice in India Ê Reservation Policies: For SCs, STs, OBCs. Ê Gender Equality: Addressed via MGNREGA, Beti Bachao. Ê Poverty Alleviation: MGNREGA for rural security. Ê Legal Reforms: e.g., PCR Act, Atrocities Act. Ê Education & Healthcare: SSA, NHM for marginalised. Ê Environmental Justice: e.g., Ujjwala Yojana, PM- KUSUM. Constitutional Provisions for Social Justice Fundamental Rights Other Provisions Ê Equality: Article 14, Article 15 and Article 16 Ê Dignity: Article 17 Ê Freedom: Article 19 and Article 21 Ê Protection: Article 23 and Article 24 Ê Preamble Ê Directive Principles for State Policy: Social Welfare: Article 38 Right to Livelihood: Article 39(a) Equal Work, Equal Pay: Article 39(d) Worker Protection: Article 39(e) Child Protection: Article 39(f) Equal Justice: Article 39A Work, Education, Public Assistance: Article 41 Upliftment: Article 46 Need for Social Justice in India Ê Human Capital & Economic Growth: Sen’s Capability Approach stresses investments in health, education, and nutrition to build a skilled workforce. Ê Real Freedom over Income: True development expands actual capabilities, not just income. Ê Rising Global Inequality: Oxfam (2024): Billionaires gained $3.3 trillion in 2023; 5 billion faced poverty. Ê Poverty and Hunger: Reduced social spending pushes poor into deeper poverty cycles. Ê Inclusive Development: HDI rose to 0.685 (2023), rank 130; demands continued investment. Ê Regional Disparities: Literacy – Bihar (70.9%) vs Kerala (96.2%). Ê Social Exclusion: Dalits still face systemic caste discrimination. Ê Gender Inequality: Female labour participation ~20%, global average 47%. Challenges in achieving Social Justice Ê Lack of Awareness: Ex. only 3% got unemployment allowance under MGNREGA. Ê Poor Design: Ex. PDS neglects nutrition needs. Ê Implementation Challenges: Ex. mismanagement reduces scheme impact. Ê Monitoring and Evaluation: Ex. ICDS suffers hygiene/ food lapses. Steps Taken to ensure Social Justice Ê PM Vishwakarma Yojana (2023): ₹15k toolkit, ₹3 lakh loans. Ê Nai Roshni Scheme: 50,000+ women trained. Ê NAMASTE (2022): Ends manual scavenging, ₹15 lakh rehab. Ê PM-Daksh Yojana: Trained 1.2 lakh SC/OBC/EBCs. Ê SCSP/TSP: ₹1.59 lakh crore allocated. Ê Transgender Rules (2020): Ensures identity, digital portal launched. Ê ONORC: Covers 80 crore migrants across 36 states/UTs. Ê EMRS: 740 schools sanctioned; 1 lakh tribal students covered. Inclusive Growth, Income Inequality, and Social Justice Ê Income Inequality: Top 10% hold 57% income (WIR); 1% gets 22.6%. Rural-Urban Divide: ₹3,773 (rural) vs ₹6,459 (urban) per capita. Gender Pay Gap: Men 82%, Women 18%. Ê Inclusive Growth: Fair, opportunity-rich development reduces poverty and ensures dignity. Ê Social Justice: Ensures resource equity and equal opportunities for marginalized groups. Challenges that Hinder Progress Ê Income Inequality: 60% of Mumbai lives in slums. Ê Education System: Literacy—Bihar (63%) vs Kerala (96%). Ê Social Exclusion: Dalits still lack mobility and access. Ê Gender Gap: Women’s workforce share is low. Ê Inadequate Social Investments: Rural areas lack medical services. Strategies for Inclusive Growth and Social Justice Ê Enhancing Education: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Kerala’s literacy drive promote universal education through community engagement. Ê Poverty Alleviation & Livelihoods: NRLM and SHGs (e.g., in Andhra Pradesh) enhance self-reliance via skills and microfinance. Ê Promoting Gender Equality: Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao and Kudumbashree promote girls’ education and women’s entrepreneurship. Ê Regional Development & Social Welfare: PMGSY, Balaram Yojana, MGNREGA, and Rythu Bandhu improve infrastructure, employment, and agriculture. Way Forward Ê Focus on Human Development: Invest in health, education, and protection. Ê Promoting Social Inclusion: Eliminate discrimination. Ê Gender Sensitization in Schools: Shape social attitudes early. Ê LGBTQ+ Political Inclusion: Ensure diverse representation. Social Infrastructure in India Social infrastructure provides services like education, health, water, housing—unlike economic infrastructure which boosts productivity. Significance of Social Infrastructure in India Ê Promotes Inclusive Growth: Reduces inequality.