Tiêu đề BME 12 CH9 Narrative of Discussion.pdf ✅

BME 12 Lecture Notes Kingfisher School of Business and Finance, Inc. Version 1 Series of 2025 BME 12: Human Behavior in Organization “This handout is for academic purposes ONLY” Prepared by: Mark Jeffrey B. Aquino (BME 12 Instructor) instructions. In low-context cultures like Germany, Switzerland, or North American cultures, communication tends to be more direct and explicit. 7. Noise Noise is anything that blocks, distorts, or changes in any way the information the sender intended to communicate. It can enter anywhere in the communication process and interfere with the successful transmission and reception of a message. Interruptions, the sound of engines or machinery, dim computer screens, small font, or a receiver’s headache are all physical barriers that create noise. Loss of transmission occurs when an Internet connection goes down, phone lines are full of static, or a videoconference link is dropped. Ambiguity is another source of noise in communication. Ambiguity of meaning occurs when the receiver is not sure what the sender meant. Ambiguity of intent means the receiver is uncertain about the message’s consequences. Jargon, or technical language, can also create ambiguity when the receiver does not understand it. Semantics are another barrier that introduces noise into communications. Words mean different things to different people. Asking for feedback helps the sender ensure that his or her intended meaning is the same as the one ultimately received. Some companies rely on technology to minimize the effects of these barriers to effective communication. II. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Communicating effectively is an important managerial skill, and a skill critical for effective leadership. Many barriers exist to good communications that are beyond your control, but improving your communication skills can help to overcome these barriers. A. Listening Skills Listening is not the same as hearing. Hearing is passive; listening is an active search for meaning. Active listening plays an important role in communication and is especially important for effective leadership. It requires becoming actively involved in the process of listening to what others are saying and clarifying the meaning of messages if they are unclear. Both parties should engage in active listening until it is clear that each understands the final message. Being an active listener requires concentration. Quickly compare the verbal and nonverbal messages to see if the messages are contradictory and to make sure you really understand the message being sent. Then reflect the message back to the sender, repeating the message in your own words. Active listening requires the receiver to tune out noise and concentrate on the message. Ways to be an active listener include asking open-ended questions and sending the other person feedback to check that you understand the message. Making eye contact, nodding occasionally, and showing appropriate nonverbal behaviors also show the sender that you are listening. Experts generally offer the following suggestions for being a good listener:  Pay close attention and make logical connections  Give nonverbal evidence you are listening, including leaning toward the speaker, maintaining eye contact, and not fidgeting  Give verbal evidence you are listening, including giving constructive feedback, paraphrasing, and questioning for clarification and refinement  Show respect by not interrupting, use an inclusive, friendly tone  Follow up on unusual or inconsistent communication cues from the speaker to determine the real message  Use what the speaker says or infers to determine their motives, self-interest, and expectations  Offer honest, clear, timely, respectful, and relevant acknowledgement of what is said B. Writing Skills Effective business writing is not just about grammar and punctuation—the style and tone also have to be appropriate for the audience. Business writing needs to be professional and direct, and often needs to be persuasive. Always proofread your business communications, even if they are fairly short, and ensure that spelling and grammar are correct. Experts suggest these guidelines for effective business writing:  Write to express, not to impress  Back up your assertions
BME 12 Lecture Notes Kingfisher School of Business and Finance, Inc. Version 1 Series of 2025 BME 12: Human Behavior in Organization “This handout is for academic purposes ONLY” Prepared by: Mark Jeffrey B. Aquino (BME 12 Instructor)  Write for your audience  Edit and revise  Format for readability  Use graphic aids and pictures where appropriate  Write with energy and conviction, avoid passive voice Because email falls in between a phone call and a letter, email etiquette can be difficult. Table 9.3 provides some suggestions for effectively using email at work. Training can be effective in enhancing communication efficiency. C. Presentation Skills Managers need effective presentation skills to present proposals to supervisors and to communicate with other managers and groups of subordinates at once. Here are some suggestions for making effective presentations:  Speak up and speak clearly  Quickly achieve rapport  Channel nervous energy into an enthusiastic delivery  Move freely and naturally without pacing, look at your audience  Minimize notes, use them as ‘thought triggers’ only  Highlight key ideas  Watch the audience for signs of comprehension or misunderstanding  End with a bang D. Meeting Skills Because they lead groups and teams, another way that managers often communicate is through meetings. In addition to wasting time and money, poorly led meetings are often a source of frustration. Meeting effectiveness may be improved when people come prepared to meetings, an agenda is used, meetings are punctual (start and end on time), purposes are clear, and there is widespread participation. Leading meetings requires skills in organizing, eliciting input from meeting participants, and conflict management. Here are some suggestions for running effective meetings:  Have a good reason to meet in the first place, or do not meet  Have an agenda clearly stating the purpose of the meeting and key steps to satisfy that purpose  Send the agenda in advance so participants know what is expected of them  Be fully prepared for the meeting  State a time frame at the beginning of the meeting, and stick to it  Require that participants come prepared  Keep participants focused on the agenda items  Follow up on any outside assignment made to meeting participants III. COMMUNICATION MEDIA Managers can choose from a variety of communication media. Some of the most popular are the internet, collaboration software, intranets, and oral communication. Media richness is an important factor for each form. A. The Internet The Internet has fundamentally changed how many managers communicate. Individuals using the Internet are able to select only the information they want using information pull. Information pull occurs when someone receives requested information. This contrasts with the broadcast technique of information push where people receive information without requesting it, just in case they need it. Although technology should never replace all face-to-face interaction between leaders and subordinates, it can help the communication process by giving leaders more communication choices. Some companies have misused email in communicating important or sensitive information. Voice mail is similar to email but instead of writing, a spoken message is digitized and sent to someone to be retrieved and listened to later. Instant messaging enables users to see who is logged on and to chat with them in real time rather than emailing and waiting for a response. Managers can also use various software tools to meet without being face-to-face. Telework is work conducted in a location other than a central office or production facility with communications between coworkers and supervisors occurring via electronic communication systems. There are four major types of telework: