Tiêu đề Sociology Question No 08 deviance and social control..pdf ✅

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2. MEANING OF DEVIANCE: Deviance refers to behavior, beliefs, or traits that deviate from societal norms, challenging established standards, and may be perceived as unacceptable or unconventional. 3. DEFINITION OF DEVIANCE: ✓ According to Horton and Hunt: “Any failure to conform to customary norms is called deviance.” 4. CAUSES OF DEVIANCE: Following are the causes of deviance. ✓ Social Influences: Deviance can result from peer pressure or the influence of family and friends who engage in non- conforming behavior. ✓ Economic Factors: Poverty, unemployment, and lack of opportunities may lead individuals to engage in deviant activities to meet their basic needs. ✓ Cultural Norms: When cultural norms or values conflict with mainstream society, individuals may engage in deviant behavior as a way to express their identity. ✓ Mental Health Issues: Psychological disorders or emotional disturbances can contribute to deviance as individuals may struggle to cope with their thoughts and feelings. ✓ Lack of Social Control: Weak social institutions, such as inadequate family or community support, can lead to an increase in deviant behavior.
✓ Strain and Frustration: When people experience stress and frustration due to unmet goals or aspirations, they may resort to deviant actions. ✓ Rebellion against Authority: Some individuals may engage in deviance as a form of protest against authority or societal norms they perceive as oppressive. ✓ Media and Popular Culture: Exposure to violent or deviant behavior in media can influence some individuals to mimic such actions. ✓ Substance Abuse: Drug and alcohol abuse can impair judgment and lead to deviant behavior as users prioritize satisfying their cravings. (SOCIAL CONTROL) 1. INTRODUCTION: Deviance needs to be controlled specially the heinous offences like murder, abduction dacoit. Social control refers to the ways societies maintain order and conformity among their members. It involves norms, rules, and institutions that guide behavior, ensuring individuals follow accepted standards. From informal peer pressure to formal laws, social control shapes our actions, helping communities function smoothly and peacefully. 2. MEANING OF SOCIAL CONTROL: Social control means how societies make sure people behave by using rules, norms, and institutions. It keeps order and harmony in communities. 3. DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CONTROL: According to C.N Shankar Rao:
“social control refers to various means by which a group or society attempt to achieve social control. 4. TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL: Social control can be categories as under. ❖ Formal Control: ✓ Laws and Regulations: Written rules and statutes enforced by government authorities to maintain order and punish those who violate the law. ✓ Institutional Sanctions: Punishments imposed by organizations or institutions, such as schools or workplaces, for non-compliance with their policies. ✓ Police and Judicial System: Law enforcement agencies and courts that investigate crimes and administer justice through legal procedures. ❖ Informal Control: ✓ Social Norms: Unspoken rules and expectations within a society that guide people's behavior and promote conformity to accepted standards. ✓ Family and Peer Pressure: Influence from family members and friends, encouraging individuals to conform to societal norms and values. ✓ Public Opinion: The collective beliefs and attitudes of the general public, which can influence behavior through approval or disapproval.