Tiêu đề Fisheries Part-1.pdf ✅

www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 1 Fisheries 4 th Edition 2023-24
www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 2 Important Terminology 1. Fishery: The sum of all fishing activities on a given resource (e.g. a sea cucumber fishery), or the activities of a certain style of fishing on a particular resource (e.g. a dive fishery). The activities leading to and resulting in the harvesting of fish. It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture. A fishery is characterised by the species caught, the fishing gear used, and the area of operation. 2. Fishing: This term is used interchangeably with “collecting” and “harvesting” to describe the act of removing sea cucumbers from the wild for commercial or subsistence purposes. 3. Aquaculture: Farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. 4. Mariculture: It is a specialized branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products in the open ocean, an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater. It is commonly known as marine farming also. An example of the latter is the farming of marine fish, including finfish and shellfish like prawns, or oysters and seaweed in saltwater ponds. 5. Fish farming or pisciculture involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures such as fish ponds, usually for food. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. 6. Ichthyology: Scientific study of fishes 7. Snagging: A method of catching fish by jerking an unbaited hook through the water. 8. Acoustic survey: A systematic gathering of information on fish availability and abundance using underwater sound.
www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 3 9. Shoaling: A group of fish that stays together for social reasons is known as shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, that is known as schooling. 10. Tagging: Marking or attaching a tag to an individual or group of individual fish so that it can be identified or recaptured. Tagging is used to study the movement, migration, population size or activity patterns of fishes. 11. Bait fish – These are small fishes which are caught to be used as bait to attract large predatory fishes. Also known as forage fish and pray fish. 12. Shellfish farming: Shellfish aquaculture is the farming (i.e., cultivation and harvest) of aquatic invertebrates, such as oysters, clams and mussels. 13. Bottom trawling : A fishing method that involves towing trawl nets along the sea floor. Bottom trawling can cause serious damage to sea floor habitats. 14. Brackish water : Water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries. 15. Casting : The act of throwing bait or a lure over the water, using a fishing rod. 16. Tubing: A float fishing term that means to float down a river, stream or using a float tube in lake while fishing. 17. The term "shellfish" refers to molluscs. 18. The term "finfish" refers to bony fishes, sharks and some rays. 19. The term "scalefish" refers to fish bearing scales. 20. The term "fish" can refer to more than one fish, particularly when the fish are from the same species. 21. The term "fishes" refers to more than one species of fish. 22. Fishing vessel: Any vessel normally used for the harvesting of living aquatic resources or in support of such activity. This includes vessels which provide assistance to other fishing vessels such as supply, storage, refrigeration, transportation or processing (mother ships). 23. Jigging: A method of fishing which uses lures on a vertical line that is moved up and down, or jigged. Jigging can be done manually with hand-operated spools. It is also done automatically using machines when fishing for arrow squid. 24. Pelagic zone: Water in the sea that is not close to the bottom. 25. Pelagic fish: Fish that spend most of their life swimming and feeding in the pelagic zone, as opposed to resting on or feeding off the bottom. Examples are tuna and most sharks.
www.iaritoppers.in Whatsapp : +91-9694095242 Page | 4 26. Spawning: The production or depositing of large quantities of eggs in water. 27. Trolling: A method of fishing where one or more fishing lines, baited with lures or bait fish, are drawn slowly through the water behind a boat. Trolling is used to catch pelagic fishes such as mackerel and tuna species. 28. Brood fish : A large sexually matured fish , capable of breeding 29. Fish hatchery: A fish hatchery is a place for artificial breeding, hatching, and rearing through the early life stages of animals—finfish and shellfish in particular. 30. Pan fish: Any of a variety of species of fish that resembles the shape of frying pan, thus the name. Ex. – Sunfish, Crappie, perch 31. Reservoir: Artificially created lake where water is collected and stored. It is also called an impoundment. 32. Shore fishing, still fisherman: Fishing from the shore, as opposed to fishing from a boat or wading. 33. Still fishing, Still fisherman: Fishing from one spot, primarily refers to shore fishing from a single location. 34. Artisan fishing: A term sometimes used to describe small scale commercial or subsistence fishing practices. The term particularly applies to coastal or island ethnic groups using traditional techniques and traditional fishing boats. 35. Anadromous: Fish that live their adult lives in the ocean but migrate up fresh water rivers to spawn. Examples are Pacific salmon. Fish that migrate in the opposite direction are called catadromous. 36. Anoxic sea water: Sea water depleted of oxygen. (An aquatic system lacking dissolved oxygen (0% saturation) is termed anaerobic, reducing, or anoxic; whereas a system with low concentration (in the range between 1 and 30% saturation) is called hypoxic or dysoxic. Most fish cannot live below 30% saturation.) 37. Benthic zone: The ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. Organisms living in this zone are called benthos.