Tiêu đề IJSO Physics.pdf ✅

IJSO STAGE-I & II PHYSICS
PREFACE Dear Student, In the current competitive environment, there are certain students who always aspire for more. These students are those who have extremely good fundamentals and do not face any problem in attempting the regular school book problems. This study material is for those students. This material is aimed at equipping the students with first and second stage of International Junior Science Olympiad (IJSO) i.e. National Standard Examination in Junior Science (NSEJS) and INJSO (Indian National Junior Science Olympiad). The best use of this material is for those students who have natural interest in problem solving and want to aspire for more. As this material is exam oriented rather than class oriented, there is no specific class wis target. However, based on our prior experience, this material can be best utilized by students of class VIII, IX and X. We hope you this material in its accuracy and appropriateness. Team Resonance. Pre-foundation Career Care Programmes (PCCP) Division Every effort has been taken to make our study material error free, however any suggestion to improve is welcome in this regard.
S. NO. TOPICS PAGE NO. 1. Mathematical Tools & Vector 1 - 28 2. Unit & Dimensions 29 - 40 3. Kinematics 41 - 74 (Rectilinear Motion, Projectile motion, Relative motion) 4. Force and Newtons laws of motion (NLM) 75 - 104 5. Work, Power & Energy 105 - 126 6. Gravitation 127 - 147 7. Circular Motion 148 - 157 8. Fluid 158 - 179 9. Wave Sound & SHM 180 - 208 10. Electricity 209 - 242 11. Magnetic Effect of Current & EMI 243 - 272 12. Light 273 - 322 13. Heat 323 - 350 14. Centre of Mass, Ragid Body Dynamics & Impact or Collision 351 - 369 15. Answer key 370 - 375 Subject : PHYSICS IJSO STAGE-I & II CONTENTS
PAGE # 1 FUNCTION Function is a rule of relationship between two variables in which one is assumed to be dependent and the other independent variable, for example : e.g. The temperatures at which water boils depends on the elevation above sea level (the boiling point drops as you ascend). Here elevation above sea level is the independent & temperature is the dependent variable e.g. The interest paid on a cash investment depends on the length of time the investment is held. Here time is the independent and interest is the dependent variable. ILLUSTRATIONS 1. The volume V of a ball (solid sphere) of radius r is given by the function V(r) = 3 (4 /3) (r) The volume of a ball of radius 3 m is ? Sol. V(3) = 3 4/3(3) = 36 m3 . 2. Suppose that the function F is defined for all real numbers r by the formula F(r) = 2(r – 1) + 3. Evaluate F at the input values 0, 2, x + 2, and F(2). Sol. : In each case we substitute the given input value for r into the formula for F : F(0) = 2(0 – 1) + 3 = – 2 + 3 = 1 ; F(2) = 2(2 – 1) + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5 F(x + 2) = 2(x +2 – 1) + 3 = 2x + 5 ; F(F(2)) = F(5) = 2(5 – 1) + 3 = 11. 3. A function (x) is defined as (x) = x2 + 3, Find 0) , (1), x 2 ), (x+1) and 1)). Sol. (0) = 02 + 3 = 3 ; (1) = 12 + 3 = 4 ; (x2 ) = (x2 ) 2+3 = x4+3 (x+1) = (x + 1)2 + 3 = x2 + 2x + 4 ; ((1)) = 4) = 42+3 = 19 4. If function F is defined for all real numbers x by the formula F(x) = x2 . Evaluate F at the input values 0,2, x + 2 and F(2) Sol. : F(0) = 0 ; F(2) = 22 = 4 ; F(x+2) = (x+2)2 ; F(F(2)) = F(4) = 42 = 16 MEASUREMENT OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ANGLES Negative Measure y x An angle in the xy-plane is said to be in standard position if its vertex lies at the origin and its initial ray lies along the positive x-axis (Fig.). Angles measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis are assigned positive measures ; angles measured clockwise are assigned negative measures. x y 9 4 x y 3 4 – 1. MATHEMATICAL TOOLS