Tiêu đề 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA.pdf ✅

0 www.msomibora.com HISTORY NOTES FORM THREE TOPIC 1 ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIALISM MsomiBora.com
1 www.msomibora.com ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA Introduction Colonialism is the situation where by big and powerful imperialists nations dominates weak nations in all aspects of life i.e. economically, politically, socially and culturally, In Africa the colonization process began with the scramble and later alone the partition of Africa in the last quarter of 19th century, THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA AND PARTITION OF AFRICA: was a competition among European powers to obtaining colonies in Africa. Partition: This was a process of dividing African colonies to their respective colonial masters. This acts as a solution for the scramble for Africa. Scramble for Africa started more in 1870s while involving different European countries. why Africa was scrambled and later alone colonized is still an issue of debate between the Afro- centric historians (Marxist historians) who argue that the cause was the industrial revolution/ economic reasons while the second group of scholars is the group of Euro-centric historians who argues that the colonization of Africa was due to civilization mission of European countries, Christianity and abolition of slave trade. AFRO-CENTRIC/ MARXIST HISTORIANS The scholars use economic factor in justifying why Africa was colonized, these factors have been connected with the Industrial Revolution in Europe which took place in 18th century, Afro- centric historians use these economic factors to justify the process of scramble for and partition of Africa as follows:
2 www.msomibora.com i) The need for markets, as a result of industrialization in Europe, industrial goods were highly produced, most of them lacked market in Europe since there was internal industrial competition within Europe, the Europeans therefore had no alternative other than to find extra market for their overproduced industrial goods, colonizing Africa was therefore a strategy to ensure constant market of their goods. ii) The need for raw materials, due to industrial revolution there was mushrooming industries in Europe while raw material was low to meet the industrial demands, European therefore opted to colonize Africa in order to save their industries from extinction or depletion, Africa therefore was the victim of selfish needs of Europeans. iii) The need for cheap labor, they wanted cheap labor because laborers in Europe after the industrial revolution were too expensive to be hired, this is because they were aware of their rights and therefore then they demanded allowances, high wages, better working conditions etc, as a solution to this, Europeans had to employ Africans who could be paid low wages and work for long hours. iv) The need for investment areas, industrial competition in Europe minimized the profit made by the capitalist investors, because of this they opted for other areas of investment where they could maximize profit by investing cheaply and earning heavily, Africa became once again another readily available and accessible ground for malicious plans of these European investors hence for this they colonized Africa. v) The need for areas to accommodate European surplus population, the high population growth in Europe led to overpopulation which let to population pressure, as a strategy to solve this problem Europeans decided to resettle their