Tiêu đề Civics Social Science Unveiled 2012-2024 PYQs.pdf ✅

135 | P a g e POLITICAL SCIENCE

137 | P a g e Chapter:- POWER SHARING 2012 to 2024 Question.1. Compare the different ways in which the Belgians and the Sri Lankans have dealt with the problem of cultural diversity. (3) [2012] Answer.1. Belgium and Sri Lanka have handled cultural diversity in very different ways: Belgium:  Belgium has two main language communities: Dutch-speaking and French-speaking people.  The country made sure both communities have equal power in the central government, with a special system where they share control over important decisions.  Belgium has a "Community Government" that deals with issues like language, culture, and education for both groups.  Between 1970 and 1993, the government changed the Constitution several times to help the two communities live together peacefully. Sri Lanka:  In Sri Lanka, the two main communities are the Sinhalese (74%) and Tamils (18%).  The Sinhalese majority has controlled the country, ignoring the rights of Tamils.  This has caused a lot of tension and even a Civil War.  In 1956, the government made Sinhala the only official language, which upset the Tamil community, as they felt left out and discriminated against. So, Belgium has worked hard to balance power and respect for both communities, while Sri Lanka has struggled with conflict due to the domination of one group over the other. Question.2. Define Majoritarianism. (1) [2013] Answer.2. Majoritarianism is rule by majority community by disregarding the needs and wishes of the minority community. Question.3. In which city is the headquarters of the European Union located? (1) [2014] Answer.3. The headquarters of the European Union is located in Brussels. Question.4. What is meant by the system of ‘checks and balances’? (1) [2015] Answer.4. The system of "checks and balances" means that the different parts of the government – the legislature (lawmakers), executive (the president or prime minister), and judiciary (courts) – each have their own powers, but they can also limit each other's power. This ensures that no single part of the government becomes too powerful. Each branch can "check" the actions of the others to make sure that they are working within their limits. Previous Year Questions {PYQ's}
138 | P a g e Question.5. "Attempts at forced integration often sow the seeds of disintegration". Support the statement with suitable arguments. (3) [2016] Answer.5. Forced integration can lead to problems and even separation due to the following reasons: i. When people are forced to join together, they may feel angry or upset, leading to disagreements. ii. Sharing power and resources between different regions can cause fears that one group might try to control the others. iii. People often want to keep their independence and not feel pushed around by others. iv. The breakup of the USSR into different countries is an example of how forced integration can have negative results. So, it's better to integrate in a way that respects everyone and works together peacefully, rather than using force. Question.6. What is the prudential reason behind power-sharing? (1) [2016] Answer.6. The prudential reason behind power-sharing is that it helps to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a single individual or group, which can lead to authoritarianism and oppression. Question.7. Explain the three measures taken by Sri Lanka, as per the Act passed in 1956. (3) [2017] Answer.7. The three measures taken by Sri Lanka, as per the Act passed in 1956, are as follows: i. The government passed an Act to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, disregarding Tamil. ii. Government started giving preference to Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. iii. A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. Question.8. ‘A challenge is not just any problem but an opportunity for progress.’ Analyse the statement. (1) [2018] Answer.8. Overcoming a challenge gives an opportunity to go up to a higher level than before. Question.9. Differentiate between community government in Belgium and majoritarian government in Sri Lanka. (1) [2018] Answer.9. In Belgium, all the benefits of economic development and education was given to Dutch speaking communities as well as French Minority community while in Sri Lanka, the government adopted a series of majoritarian measured to establish Sinhala Supremacy on Tamils. Question.10. Compare the situation of Belgium and Sri Lanka considering their location, size and cultural aspects. (5) [2019] OR How is the idea of power sharing emerged? Explain different forms that have common arrangements of power sharing. (5) [2019] Answer.10. Comparison of Belgium and Sri Lanka: 1. Belgium is located in Europe whereas Sri Lanka is located in South Asia. 2. Belgium has a population of little over one crore whereas Sri Lanka has population of two crores.