Tiêu đề ĐÁP ÁN HSG ANH 12 HẢI PHÒNG BẢNG B 2022-2023.docx ✅

1 SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HẢI PHÒNG ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC (Đề thi gồm 02 phần: tự luận và trắc nghiệm) HSG 2022 - 06 CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI THÀNH PHỐ LỚP 12 BẢNG B NĂM HỌC 2022 - 2023 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề) Chú ý: Thí sinh làm bài vào phiếu trả lời tương ứng với mỗi phần tự luận và trắc nghiệm. Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, bao gồm cả từ điển. PHẦN TỰ LUẬN (Thí sinh làm bài trên Phiếu trả lời tự luận.) PART A: LISTENING I. You will hear two urban planning students called Carla and Rob discussing their presentation on cities built by the sea. For questions 1-5, choose the best answer (A, B or C). You will listen TWICE. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (5 pts) CITIES BUILT BY THE SEA 1. Carla and Rob were surprised to learn that coastal cities ______________. A. contain nearly half the world’s population B. include most of the world’s largest cities C. are growing twice as fast as other cities 2. According to Rob, building coastal cities near to rivers ______________. A. may bring pollution to the cities B. may reduce the land available for agriculture C. may mean the countryside is spoiled by industry 3. What mistake was made when building water drainage channels in Miami in the 1950s? A. There were not enough for them. B. They were made of unsuitable materials. C. They did not allow for the effects of climate change. 4. What do Rob and Carla think that the authorities in Miami should do immediately? A. Take measures to restore ecosystems B. Pay for a new flood prevention system C. Stop disposing of waste materials into the ocean 5. What do they agree should be the priority for international action? A. Greater coordination of activities B. More sharing of information
2 C. Agreement on shared policies TRANSCRIPT TUTOR: OK, so what I’d like you to do now is to talk to your partner about your presentations on urban planning. You should have done most of the reading now, so I’d like you to share your ideas, and talk about the structure of your presentation and what you need to do next. CARLA: OK Rob. I’m glad we chose quite a specific topic – cities built next to the sea. It made it much easier to find relevant information. ROB: Yeah. And cities are growing so quickly – I mean, we know that more than half the world’s population lives in cities now. CARLA: Yeah, though that’s all cities, not just ones on the coast. But most of the biggest cities are actually built by the sea. I’d not realised that before. ROB: Nor me. And what’s more, a lot of them are built at places where rivers come out into the sea. But apparently this can be a problem. CARLA: Why? ROB: Well, as the city expands, agriculture and industry tend to spread further inland along the rivers, and so agriculture moves even further inland up the river. That’s not necessarily a problem, except it means more and more pollutants are discharged into the rivers. CARLA: So these are brought downstream to the cities? ROB: Right. Hmm. Did you read that article about Miami, on the east coast of the USA? CARLA: No. ROB: Well, apparently back in the 1950s they build channels to drain away the water in case of flooding. CARLA: Sounds sensible. ROB: Yeah, they spent quite a lot of money on them. But what they didn’t take into account was global warming. So they built the drainage channels too close to sea level, and now sea levels are rising, they’re more or less useless. If there’s a lot of rain, the water can’t run away, there’s nowhere for it to go. The whole design was faulty. CARLA: So what are the authorities doing about it now? ROB: I don’t know. I did read that they’re aiming to stop disposing of waste into the ocean over the next ten years. CARLA: But that won’t help with flood prevention now, will it? ROB: No. Really they just need to find the money for something to replace the drainage channels, in order to protect against flooding now. But in the long term they need to consider the whole ecosystem. CARLA: Right. Really, though, coastal cities can’t deal with their problems on their own, can they? I mean,
3 they’ve got to start acting together at an international level instead of just doing their own thing. ROB: Absolutely. The thing is, everyone knows what the problems are and environmentalists have a pretty good idea of what we should be doing about them, so they should be able to work together to some extent. But it’s going to be a long time before countries come to a decision on what principles they’re prepared to abide by. CARLA: Yes, if they ever do. II. You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values. For questions 1-10, complete each of the following sentences with ONE word. You will listen TWICE. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (10 pts) THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON BIRDS Mercury (Hg) • Highly toxic • Released into the atmosphere from coal • Ingested by fish • Affecting birds which eat fish and (1) _______insects_______. Research on effects of mercury or binds • Claire Varian-Ramos is doing some research on - the effects on the (2) ________behavior______ of the birds or mental processes, e.g. memory - the effects on bird (3) ________song______ (usually learned from a bird’s father) • Findings: - songs learned by birds exposed to mercury aren’t as (4) ________complex______ as those produced by other birds - male birds exposed to mercury are less (5) _______attractive_______ to female birds, which can affect their chances of reproduction. • Lab-based studies: - the experimenter has a much higher level of (6) _______control_______. Implications for humans • Migrating birds such as (7) _______ducks_______ containing mercury may be eaten by humans. • Mercury causes developmental delays in the acquisition of (8) ________language______. • Mercury in a mother’s body from (9) ________food______ may affect the unborn child. • There are new (10) _______regulations_______ for mercury emissions from power plants. SAMPLE
4 OK, so we’ve been looking at how man-made changes in our environment can affect wildlife. Now I’ll discuss a particular example. Let’s take a look at mercury. Mercury’s one of the 120 or so elements that make up all matter, and it has the symbol Hg. It’s a shiny, silvery substance. You may have seen it in old- fashioned thermometers, but it’s not used much for domestic purposes now because it’s highly toxic. But the problem is that the amount of mercury in the environment’s increasing. The main reason for this is the power plants used to produce electricity. The main source of energy that most of them use is still coal, and when it’s burned it releases mercury into the atmosphere. Some of this gets deposited into lakes and rivers, and if it’s ingested by a fish it’s not excreted, it stays in the fish’s body and it enters the food chain. So it’s been known for some time that birds which eat fish may be affected, but what wasn’t known until quite recently is that those that eat insects can also be affected. So a woman called Claire Varian-Ramos is doing some research on how this is affecting birds. And rather than looking at how many birds are actually killed by mercury poisoning, she’s looking for more subtle sub- effects. And these may be to do with the behaviour of the birds, or with the effect of mercury on the way their brain works, so whether it leads to problems with memory, for example. And she’s particularly focusing on the effects of mercury on bird song. Now, the process of song learning happens at a particular stage in the birds’ development, and what you may not know is that a young bird seems to acquire this skill by listening to the songs produced by its father, rather than by any other bird. And Varian-Ramos has already found in her research that if young male birds are exposed to mercury, if they eat food contaminated with mercury, then the songs they produce aren’t as complex as those produced by other birds. So quite low-level exposure to mercury is likely to have an impact on male birds in a natural situation, because it can mean that they’re less attractive to female birds, and so it can affect their chances of reproduction. Now the way she’s carrying out this research is worth thinking about. She’s using a mixture of studies using birds kept in laboratories, and studies carried out outdoors in the wild. The lab-based studies have the advantage that you don’t get all the variables you would in a natural setting, so the experimenter has a much higher level of control, and that means they can be more confident about their results in some ways. And of course they don’t have to worry about going out and finding the birds in order to observe them. So what are the implications here for humans? Well, because many birds are migratory, they may be transporting mercury far from contaminated sites. For example, it’s been found that ducks who’d been feeding at a contaminated site were later shot by hunters over a thousand kilometres away, and presumably eaten. But these birds likely had mercury levels high enough to warrant concern for human consumption.