Tiêu đề M3-W1-1.3-Extra Reading - AI History.pdf ✅

AI History

How Computers Play Chess: • Computers play chess using smart algorithms and powerful processing. • They rely on algorithms rooted in Symbolic AI and Expert Systems, which are like step-by-step guides, to figure out their moves. • They create a game tree where each branch represents a possible move in the game. Computers explore this tree to predict future moves, using different methods such as "minimax” to pick the best move by considering all possible outcomes. • They evaluate different board positions based on factors like piece strength, controlling the center, and potential threats, which guides them in making decisions during the game.
AI Applications over Time: DENDRAL (1960s): DENDRAL was an expert system developed at Stanford University to understand chemicals better. It looked at data from special machines called mass spectrometers and figured out how molecules were put together. This was a big step forward for using computers in science. MYCIN (1970s): MYCIN was an expert system designed to assist doctors. It helped them figure out which bacteria were causing infections and which antibiotics would work best. It used a rule-based approach, combining symbolic AI and knowledge from medical experts to provide diagnostic suggestions.