383 HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC GIA VỀ LOGISTICS VÀ QUẢN LÝ CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG VIỆT NAM LẦN THỨ 4 (CLSCM-2024) ANALYZING DATA ENVELOPMENT TO EVALUATE SERVICE LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY IN VIETNAM SỬ DỤNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÂN TÍCH BAO DỮ LIỆU ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ HOẠT ĐỘNG KINH DOANH CÁC CÔNG TY DỊCH VỤ LOGISTICS: TẠI VIỆT NAM HIEP NGOC - NGUYEN* , THAO PHUONG - NGO , VUONG QUOC -DUONG Faculty of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Dai Nam University *Email:
[email protected] Abstract The good trend of international capital flows, Vietnam's enhanced position in the global supply chain, and positive economic growth have all contributed to the amazing progress made by the logistics services industry between 2020 and 2023. Assessing performance efficiency enables businesses to determine their advantages and disadvantages in relation to rivals. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a useful technique for assessing how well companies in the same industry are performing. The performance of ten service logistics firms in Vietnam was examined in this study using the DEA model for the years 2020-2023. Managers of services logistics organizations can assess their business performance with the help of the study's results. Keywords: DEA, Vietnam Logistics, Service logistics. Tóm tắt Với xu hướng phát triển ngành logistics dịch vụ, Việt Nam trong chuỗi cung ứng toàn cầu và tăng trưởng kinh tế tích cực đều góp phần vào sự tiến bộ đáng kinh ngạc của ngành logistics dịch vụ trong giai đoạn 2020-2023. Đánh giá hiệu quả hoạt động cho phép các doanh nghiệp xác định được cơ hội và thách thức của mình so với các đối thủ cạnh tranh. Phương pháp Phân tích bao bì dữ liệu (DEA) là một kỹ thuật hữu ích để đánh giá mức độ hoạt động tốt của các công ty trong cùng ngành. Nghiên cứu này đã xem xét hiệu quả hoạt động của mười công ty logistics dịch vụ tại Việt Nam bằng cách sử dụng mô hình DEA trong những năm 2020 -2023. Các nhà quản lý của các tổ chức logistics dịch vụ có thể đánh giá hiệu quả kinh doanh của mình với sự trợ giúp của kết quả nghiên cứu. Từ khóa: DEA, Logistics Việt Nam, phục vụ logistics. 1. Introduction Over the course of the forecast period, the Vietnam logistics market is anticipated to grow quickly, with a focus on industries including manufacturing, retail, and e-commerce. The market was estimated to be worth USD 56.93 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a 14.8% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach USD 113.28 billion by 2027. As of 2024, Vietnam Logistics DEA is an efficient way to assess how well companies in the same industry are performing is through data envelopment analysis. DEA evaluates each firm's performance in comparison to the other firms in the group using the firm's input and output data. The performance of ten service logistics firms in Vietnam was assessed from 2020 to 2023 using the DEA model. The following are the study's goals: - To analyse the effectiveness of Vietnamese service logistics firms' performance. - To determine the elements influencing the effectiveness and performance of service logistics firms. - To provide suggestions on how to help service logistics companies operate better. Managers of service logistics organizations can evaluate their business performance and pinpoint areas for improvement with the help of the study's findings. 2. Literature review Data Envelopment Analysis is a technique applying in mathematical programming posed by Charnes et al. [1]. Vo-Thi-Minh- Nhat, et al.[2] evaluated the security industry's efficacy for decision- makers, experts, and government organizations using the DEA-SBM model. Hua-Qing-Wu, et al.[3] evaluated a total of 36 listed logistics companies in China using the DEA model. The report that shows the
385 HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC GIA VỀ LOGISTICS VÀ QUẢN LÝ CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG VIỆT NAM LẦN THỨ 4 (CLSCM-2024) Because the homogeneity and isotonicity are two critical DEA data assumptions, these do the correlation test an imperative step before using DEA. This is a certainty that there is an isotonic condition between input and output variables. The input and output data must have a positive correlation (i.e. the closer the value to +1, the better positive linear correlation). (by Chia-Nan Wang, 2020). 4. Results 4.1. List of Service Logistics company in Vietnam 4.2. List of Figure Table 1. List of Service Logistics company in Vietnam DMU Logistics Company DMU1 Hung Thinh Phat DMU2 Vietnam post DMU3 DMU4 DMU5 DMU6 DMU7 DMU8 DMU9 DMU10 Viettel Post Van tai Truong Thanh CTCP Kho vận Mien Nam Dai ly van tai SAFI CTCP Đuong Song Mien Nam Van tai xang dau Vitaco CTCP Transimex Dai ly giao nhan van tai xep do Tan Cang [Vietstock.vn] Table 3. Result of catch up index Table 4. Result of frontier - shift index Table 2. Input and Output factors and definitions Input Description Total Asset (TA) the total amount of assets of value a business owns (as cash, equipment, tools, property, etc) Liabilities (LI) Owners’equity (OE) Output Gross profit (GP) Revenue (R) Viettel Post reflects the total value of amounts owed a long-term business Owner's equity grows when an owner increases their investment or the company increases its profits Description Gross profit is the measure of a company’s profits directly stemming from its sales after accounting for the Cost of Goods Sold or COGS Revenue represents the total income generated by a company from its primary operations, typically from sales of goods or services
386 HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC GIA VỀ LOGISTICS VÀ QUẢN LÝ CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG VIỆT NAM LẦN THỨ 4 (CLSCM-2024) 4.3. Catch-Up Index (Technical Efficiency) The DMU's technical efficiency change of the service logistics enterprises during a four-year period is displayed in Table 3 and Fig. 1. In general, it is evident that DMU will improve all of its technological aspects in 2021-2022, after a reduction in 2022-2023. The DMU9 performed the best in 2020-2021, followed by the DMU2, 10, 6, and 7. In comparison to 2021-2021, the DMU 4 did the best during the study's subsequent time, while the DMU 9 performed poorly. The DMU9 reached its lowest point of 0.47 in 2022-2023 while the DMU10 reached its greatest peak of 1.03. The technological efficiency of the entire period showed a dramatic fall in 2022-2023, as seen in Fig. 1. During 2020-2021, more than half of the ten logistics companies in DMU2 and DM10 had a productivity score higher than 1. In contrast to 2020- 2021, the DMU2 and DMU9 dropped from 1.21 to 0.07 and 1.25 to 0.7 in the following period. The findings indicate that merely four organizations (DMU4, 6, 8, 10) have an average catch-up greater than 1. The DMU10 in the table had producers of technical efficiency on average, with scores of 1.124539. 4.4. Frontier -Shift Index (Technological Change) The table displays each DMU's performance and technological evolution throughout time. The average maximum number of (DMU2,4,5,6,7,8, and 10) with a point larger than 1 is evident. In terms of technological performance, the DMU 10 excelled. The lowest technological performance during the time is only shown in DMUs 1, 3, and 9. All of the DMUs operated more efficiently in 2020-2021 than in 1, with DMU4 having the best performance at 1.231786. In 2021-2022, the majority of DMUs—namely, DMUs 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10—have scores greater than 1. In contrast to 2020-2021, DMU DMU4 dropped quickly from 1.231786 to 0.863416. The efficiency technological change of DMUs throughout in periods are measured using frontier- shift. The Fig.2 below shows that the service logistics industry's technological efficiency decreased over the period of 2020 -2023. The frontier - shift index of DMU1,2 decreases over the period shown. While the DMU2,,4,5,6,7,8,10 had a technological efficiency increase. Table 5. Result of Malmquist index Figure 1. Each DMU’s technical eficiency changes Figure 2. Each DMU’s technological changes Figure 3. The factor productivity changes
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