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60 3ɆȿɌɈȾɕɂɋɊȿȾɋɌȼȺɂɁɆȿɊȿɇɂə ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ɇɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Pɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ Qɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ T ɢɭɪɨɜɧɹ L ɱɚɳɟɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ Ɉɤɨɥɨ 80 ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɤɚɧɚɥɵɫɜɹɡɢɢɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɈɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹɱɚɫɬɶɋȺɍɭɩɪɚɜɥɹ ɸɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸ ɳɢɦɢɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɢɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ. ȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɜɵ ɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɢɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚ ɰɢɢ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɦ 3ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɟɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵɜɛɨɥɟɟɭɞɨɛɧɵɣɞɥɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɢɞ ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɬɢɩɵɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɟɧɟɪɚ ɬɨɪɧɵɟɢɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɟɧɡɨɞɚɬɱɢɤɢɬɟɪɦɨɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɢ ɬ ɩ 2 ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɚɬɱɢɤɢɬɟɪ ɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɶɟɡɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɞɪ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɢɮɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɨɬɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɞɪ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ. 3.1.1. Ɋɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɨɯɨɪɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ Ɋɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɩɨɫɭɬɢɷɬɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵí ɪɟɨɫɬɚ ɬɵɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɜɢɠɨɤ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ . Ⱦɜɢɠɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ x ɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣɧɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵȼɯɨɞɧɨɣɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹx ɢɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ R ɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ R fx ɝɞɟ R – ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɚ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 3.1 ɚ Ɉɫ ɧɨɜɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ 1 – ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɚɹɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɛɦɨɬɤɨɣ ɧɚɦɨɬɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɜɨ ɥɨɤɨɣ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɛɨɥɶɲɨɟɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
61 2 – ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹɳɟɬɤɚɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɦɚɹɩɨɨɛɦɨɬɤɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɳɟɬɤɢɢɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ 3 – ɩɪɭɠɢɧɚɱɟɪɟɡɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɫɧɢɦɚɸɬɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 4 – ɨɫɶɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹɫɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ 5 – ɩɨɜɨɞɨɤɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɣɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɨɬɨɫɢɤɳɟɬɤɟ Ɋɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɵɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢɩɢɬɚɸɬɫɹɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɨɬɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨɢɫ ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Uɫɬɚɛ Uɫɬɚɛ ɫɨɛɳɟɣɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɪɢɫ ɛ ɉɪɢɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ 0 Uɜɵɯ ȼ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɨɬɰɟɧɬɪɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶɢɡɦɟɧɟ ɧɢɟɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɧɨɢɟɝɨɡɧɚɤɚ ȿɫɥɢɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣɬɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɧɚɜɵɯɨɞɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟx ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ 2 ɫɬɚɛ ɜɵɯ xU U l ɝɞɟ l – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ȿɫɥɢɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɣɬɨɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɧɚɜɵɯɨɞɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫɭɝɥɨɦɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ D ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ 2 ɫɧɚɛ ɜɵɯ U U D : ɝɞɟ : – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɝɨɥ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɪɟɨɯɨɪɞɚ Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɢɫɯɟɦɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɨɯɨɪɞɧɵɯɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢ ɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɪɚɡ ɧɢɰɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣɜɫɟɝɨɪɟɨɯɨɪɞɚɢɪɟɨɯɨɪɞɚɫɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɺɧɧɵɦɞɜɢɠɤɨɦ Ɋɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɢɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɜɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɳɢɯɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɜɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɫɬɪɟɥɤɢɦɚ ɧɨɦɟɬɪɚɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɦɟɪɚɢɞɪ
62 ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɬ ɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɪɟɨɯɨɪɞɚɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɠɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɟɬɫɹɬɪɟɧɢɟɦɜɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ 3.1.2. ɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɵ ɫ ɩɨ ɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɹɤɨɪɟɦ ɪɢɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɟɣɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ – ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɧɵɟɞɥɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɧɭɠɧɨɣɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ – ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢɫɬɨɤɨɦɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɟɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟɩɨɥɟɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɟɫɹɩɨ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦɭɢɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɦɭɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚɦ – ɹɤɨɪɶɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɦɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣɩɟɪɟɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ȼɨɫɧɨɜɟɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɥɟɠɢɬɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɬɭɲɤɢL ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ RM . ɂɡ ɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟɩɨɥɟɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɦɡɚɡɨɪɟɑɟɦɦɟɧɶɲɟɷɬɨɬ ɡɚɡɨɪɬɟɦɦɟɧɶɲɟɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ RM ɰɟɩɢ M o l R s s G P P ɝɞɟ ls í ɞɥɢɧɚɢɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɟɱɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ȝ í ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ P0 í ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ į í ɞɥɢɧɚɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨɡɚɡɨɪɚ ɇɚɪɢɫ ɚɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɦɚɥɵɯɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ įɜɨɡɧɢɤɚ ɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨɭɫɢɥɢɹ F. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɧɟɩɨ ɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɨɣ ɫ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɉɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɟɦɫɢɥɵF ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨɡɚɡɨɪɚį ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟɫɨɩɪɨ ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟRM ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹɚɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣɩɨɬɨɤɎ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɨɤɚɎ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɬɭɲɤɢLɷɬɨɜɢɞɧɨɢɡɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ 2 Ɇ wɎ L I R Z ɝɞɟ w í ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɜɢɬɤɨɜɜɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ I í ɬɨɤɜɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ L ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ X L L Z . ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɭɲɤɢɜɥɢɹ ɟɬ ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɈɦɚ ɧɚɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɬɨɤɚɢɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɣɰɟɩɢ.
63 Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɜɢɞ F R L X Z UI o' o o)o o o o G M L ɝɞɟ Z – ɩɨɥɧɨɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɰɟɩɢ 2 2 Z RX Ɉɦ ɇɚɪɢɫ ɛɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ į ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɜɭɯɤɚɬɭɲɟɤɉɪɢɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɹɤɨɪɹɞɥɹɨɞɧɨɣɤɚɬɭɲɤɢɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣɰɟɩɢɡɚ ɡɨɪɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɚɞɥɹɞɪɭɝɨɣɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹɌɚɤɨɣɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɛóɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɱɟɦɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɣɜɵɲɟ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɥɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣȼ ɞɚɧ ɧɨɦɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ 2 ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬ ɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣɩɨɥɧɵɟɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟ ɪɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣɧɨɢɞɥɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɭɫɢɥɢɣɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ 2 3 2 F į F 2 1 3 į F 3 į 1 1 2 ɚ) ɛ) ɜ) Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ3.2. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ 3.1.3. ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟ ɳɟɧɢɟɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢɦɟɠɞɭɞɜɭɦɹɢɛɨɥɟɟɨɛɦɨɬɤɚ ɦɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜɢɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɝɟɧɟ ɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɦɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɉɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɣɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɞɚɬɱɢɤɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵɞɜɟɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɪɢɫ 3.3 Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɬɨɤɨɦɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤɎ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬɨɛɟɨɛɦɨɬɤɢɉɨɡɚ ɤɨɧɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɢɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦɩɨ ɬɨɤɨɦ Ɏ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɚɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɗȾɋ ɫɚɦɨɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɞ 2 dɎ ue w dt | ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟ ɧɢɢɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ G ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣɩɨɬɨɤɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɧɞɭ ɰɢɪɭɟɦɨɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɧɚɜɵɯɨɞɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞ u ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɦɟɧɶɲɟ

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