Tiêu đề 29.EVOLUTION.pdf ✅

NCERT LINE BY LINE BIOLOGY- 9494065095 CHAPTER 6 EVOLUTION Exercise 1 : NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs 6.1 ORIGION OF LIFE 1. Evolution is: NCERT Page-126 / N-110 (a) progressive development of a race. (b) history and development of a race along with variations. (c) history of a race. (d) development of a race. 2. Atmosphere of earth just before the origin of life consisted of: NCERT Page-127 / N-111 (a) water vapours, CH4,NH3 and oxygen. (b) CO2,NH3, and CH2 (c) CH4,NH3,H2 and water vapours. (d) CH4,O3, O2 and water vapours. 3. The concept of chemical evolution is based on: NCERT Page-127 / N-111 (a) possible origin of life by combination of chemicals under suitable environmental conditions. (b) crystallization of chemicals. (c) interaction of water, air and clay under intense heat. (d) effect of solar radiation on chemicals. 4. With regard to the story of the world and life on earth, we treat evolution as: NCERT Page-135 / N-119 (a) a process (b) the result of a process (c) both (a) & (b) (d) we are still not very clear 5. Who proposed that the first form of life come from preexisting non- living molecules? NCERT Page-127 / N-111 (a) Oparin and Haldane (b) de Vries and Sturtevant (c) Darwin and Lamarck (d) Louis Pasteur and Miller 6. The diagram represents Miller's experiment. Choose the correct combination of labelling. NCERT Page-128 / N-112 (a) A-electrodes, B − NH3 + H2 + H2O + CH4, C-cold water, D-vacuum, E-U trap (b) A-electrodes, B − NH4 + H2 + CO2 + CH3, C-hot water, D-vacuum, E − U trap (c) A-electrodes, B − NH3 + H2O, C-hot water, D-tap, E-U trap (d) A-electrodes, B- NH3 + H2 + H2O + CH4, C-steam, D- vacuum, E-U trap
6.2 EVOLUTION OF LIFE FORMS- A THEORY 7. Stanley L. Miller conducted experiments in 1953 on prebiotic earth environment using special apparatus. The primary surprising products were? NCERT Page-127 / N-111 (a) amino acids (b) peptides (c) nucleotides (d) simple sugars 8. The ship used by Charles Darwin during his sea voyages NCERT Page-128 / N-112 (a) HMS Beagle (c) HMS Eagle (b) HSM Beagle (d) HSM Eagle 9. Fitness according to Darwin refers to (a) number of species in a community NCERT Page-129 / N-113 (b) useful variation in population (c) strength of an individual (d) reproductive fitness of an organism 10. Alfred Wallace worked in NCERT Page-129 / N-113 (a) Galapagos Island (b) Australian Island Continent (c) Malay Archipelago (d) None of these 11. The theory of natural selection was given by NCERT Page-129 / N-113 (a) Lamarck (c) Charles Darwin (b) Alfred Wallace (d) Oparin and Haldane 12. According to Oparin, which one of the following gases was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth? (a) Methane NCERT Page-127 / N-111 (b) Oxygen (c) Hydrogen (d) Water vapour 6.3 WHAT ARE THE EVIDENCES FOR EVOLUTIOIN? 13. The term living fossil refers to a NCERT Page-129 / N-113 (a) life like fossil well preserved in amber. (b) fossil formed from a living animal. (c) living animal which is about to the fossilized. (d) living organism showing some very primitive characters 14. One of the important consequences of geographical isolation is NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (a) random creation of new species. (b) no change in the isolated fauna. (c) preventing speciation. (d) speciation through reproductive isolation. 15. Fossil remains of Archaeopteryx indicates that: NCERT Page-130 / N-114 (a) It was a flying reptile from Triassic (b) It was a flying reptile from Permian (c) Reptiles gave rise to birds during Permian (d) Reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic
16. Analogous organs are: NCERT Page-131 / N-11 (a) different in origin but perform similar functions. (b) common in origin and perform common functions. (c) common in origin but perform different functions. (d) different in origin and perform different functions. 17. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the homologous structures? NCERT Page-130 / N-114 (a) Organs that have no function now, but had an important function in ancestors. (b) Organs appearing only in embryonic stage and disappearing later in the adult. (c) Organs with anatomical similarities, but performing different functions. (d) Organs with anatomical dissimilarities, but performing similar function. 18. The eye of Octopus and eye of cat show different structural patterns, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of NCERT Page-131 / N-115 (a) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution. (b) Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution. (c) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution. (d) Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution. 19. Dark coloured Peppered Moth is able to survive in industrial areas as compared to light coloured form because of (a) High fecundity NCERT Page-132 / N-116 (b) Mimicry (c) Natural selection in smoky environment (d) Lethal mutation 20. Light coloured Peppered Moth/Biston betularia got changed to its darker form, carbonaria, due to: (a) Translocation of block of genes in response to heavy carbons NCERT Page-132 / N-116 (b) Deletion of gene segment due to industrial pollution (c) Mutation of single Mendelian gene for survival in smoke laden industrial environment (d) Industrial carbon deposited on wings. 6.4 WHAT IS ADAPTIVE RADIATION 21. What is meant by the term Darwin fitness? NCERT Page-129 / N-113 (a) The ability to survive and reproduce (b) High aggressiveness (c) Healthy appearance (d) Physical straight 22. Darwin's finches are a good example of: (a) convergent evolution NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (b) industrial melanism (c) connecting link (d) adaptive radiation 23. Adaptive radiation refers to: NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (a) power of adaptation in an individual to a variety of environments. (b) adaptations due to Geographical isolation. (c) evolution of different species from a common ancestor. (d) migration of members of a species to different geographical areas. 24. According to Lamarck, a giraffe has a long neck because: (a) a creator designed it that way. NCERT Page-135 / N-119 (b) catastrophes eliminated short-necked forms. (c) its ancestors stretched their necks to get food. (d) ancestral giraffes with slightly longer necks than others got more food and left more surviving offspring.
25. The Finches of Galapogas islands provide an evidence in favour of: NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (a) biogeographical evolution (b) special creation (c) evolution due to mutation (d) retrogressive evolution 26. Tasmanian Wolf is a marsupial while Wolf is a placental mammal. This shows: (a) convergent evolution NCERT Page-134 / N-118 (b) divergent evolution (c) inheritance of acquired characters (d) None of these 27. Which of the following pairs of terms is not related? (a) Evolution - Natural selection NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (b) Vestigial structure - Appendix (c) Analogous structures --Butterfly wings (d) Adaptive radiations - Vertebrates hearts or brains 28. Diversity in the type of beaks of finches adapted to different feeding habits on the Galapagos Islands, as observed by Darwin, provides evidence for NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (a) intraspecific variations (b) intraspecific competition (c) interspecific competition (d) origin of Species by natural selection 29. Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as: NCERT Page-133 / N-117 (a) adaptive radiation (c) migration (b) natural selection (d) divergent evolution 30. When two species of different genealogy come to resemble each other as a result of adaptation, the phenomenon is termed as (a) convergent evolution NCERT Page-131 / N-115 (b) divergent evolution (c) microevolution (d) co-evolution 31. The given diagram of marsupials of Australia provides an example of NCERT Page-133 & 134 / N-117, 118 (a) convergent evolution (b) parallel evolution (c) recapitulation (d) divergent evolution 32. Which of the following differences between Lamarckism and Darwinism is incorrect? NCERT Page-134 & 135 / N-118, 119