Tiêu đề TOPIC 12 - CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN.docx ✅

TOPIC 12. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) PART 1. GRAMMAR ★ Câu điều kiện là câu dùng để giả sử những hành động xảỵ ra ở tương lai, hiện tại và quá khứ. ★ Cấu trúc chung: IF + S 1 + V 1 , mệnh đề giả sử If-clause S 2 + V 2 mệnh đề chính main clause = S 2 + V 2 + IF + S 1 + V 1  Zero Conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 0) ★ Diễn tả một hành động chắc chắn xảy ra nếu có điều kiện, (hiện tại) If + S 1 + V present , S 2 + V present Examples: ♦ If I am hungry, I eat. ♦ If you don’t water the tree, it dies.  First Conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 1) Hành động sẽ xảỵ ra nếu có điều kiện. (tương lai) If + S1 + Vpresent, S2 + WILL + V ♦ If it rains, I won’t go out. ♦ I’ll go out if it doesn’t rain. ♦ If the weather is fine, I will have a picnic. TYPE 1 Năng lực có thể/không thể làm gì nếu có điều kiện, (hiện tại, tương lai) If + S 1 + V present , S 2 + can + V ♦ If I study hard, I can get good marks in the next exam. ♦ I can’t get good marks in the next exam if I don’t study hard. Yêu cầu, nhờ ai làm gì nếu có điềụ kiện, (mệnh lệnh) If + S 1 + V present , (please) + V + (please) If + S 1 + V present , (please) + don’t V + (please) ♦ If Linda calls, (please) tell me. ♦ (Please) don’t go home late if you go out tonight. ★★★ Các trường hợp đặc biệt của câu điều kiện loại 1.
 UNLESS (nếu ... không, trừ khi ...) IF + S 1 + don’t/doesn’t/be not + …, main clause  UNLESS + S 1 + V present , main clause. ♦ If it doesn't rain, I will go out.  Unless it rains, I will go out.  IN CASE (phòng khi) IN CASE + S 1 + V present , main clause ♦ It might rain. You should bring an umbrella.  In case it rains, you should bring an umbrella. SPECIAL CASES (TYPE 1)  AS LONG AS (miễn là) (So) As long as, (So) As far as, Provided / Providing (that) ... + S 1 + V present , main clause. ♦ As long as you study hard, I will give you a gift.  ON CONDITION THAT (với điều kiện là) On condition that + S 1 + V present , main clause,  On condition that he pays me more, I will work for him.  IN THE EVENT THAT (trong trường hợp) In the event that + S 1 + V present , main clause  In the event that you are too busy, I’ll pick up the kids.  Second Sentences (Câu điều kiện loại 2) TYPE 2 GIẢ SỬ hành động xảy ra, không có thật ở HIỆN TẠI. If + S 1 + V past , S2 + would / could + V (be  were) ♦ I’m not rich now, so I can’t buy a new house.  If I were rich now, I could buy a new house. ♦ It rains, so they cancel the football match.  If it didn't rain, they wouldn't cancel the football match. ♦ Jane doesn’t buy this car because she doesn’t like it.
 If Jane liked this car, she would buy it.  Third Sentences (Câu điều kiện loại 3) TYPE 3 GIẢ SỬ hành động xảy ra, không có thật ở QUÁ KHỨ. If + S 1 + had + P ll , S 2 + would / could + have + P ll ♦ I wasn’t at school yesterday, so I couldn’t meet you.  If I had been at school yesterday, I could have met you. ♦ It rained last week, so they cancelled the football match.  If it hadn't rained last week, they wouldn't have cancelled the football match. ♦ Jane didn’t buy this car yesterday because she didn’t like it.  If Jane had liked this car, she would have bought it.  Các câu điều kiện đặc biệt  Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1 – SHOULD IF + S 1 + V present , main clause = SHOULD + S 1 + (not) V, main clause  If it rains, I won’t go out.  Should it rain, I won’t go out.  If he doesn’t come, tell me.  Should he not come, tell me.  INVERSION (đảo ngữ)  Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2 – WERE IF + S 1 + V past , main clause = WERE + S 1 + (not) to V, main clause  If I went, she would be happy.  Were I to go, she would be happy.  If he didn’t study, he would get bad marks.  Were he not to study, he would get bad marks.  Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3 – HAD IF + S 1 + had + P II , main clause = HAD + S 1 + (not) P II , main clause  If Jane had liked this car, she would have bought it.  Had Jane liked this car, she would have bought it.  If she hadn’t gone, they would have been sad.  Had she not gone, they would have been sad.
 BUT FOR (Nếu không vì, …  Câu điều kiện loại 2 If S 1 + didn’t/weren’t …, main clause = BUT FOR + N, main clause = IF IT WEREN’T FOR + N, main clause  If you didn’t help me, I would be punished.  But for your help, I would be punished.  If it weren’t for your help, I would be punished.  Câu điều kiện loại 3 If S 1 + hadn’t + P II , main clause = BUT FOR + N, main clause = IF IT HADN’T BEEN FOR + N, main clause  If it hadn’t rained, he would have gone out.  But for the rain, he would have gone out.  If it hadn’t been for the rain, he would have gone out.  OTHERWISE /OR (ELSE) (… nếu không thì …)  OTHERWISE – nhấn mạnh kết quả S + V, otherwise + main clause (type 1, 2, 3)  You must be early, otherwise we won’t get the tickets.  You come, otherwise the boss would be angry.  You helped me, otherwise I would have been punished.  OR (ELSE) – đe dọa, cảnh báo, phòng ngừa S + V, or (else) + main clause (type 1)  Take that chocolate away, or (else) I’ll eat it.  Run, or (else) we’ll be late.  WITHOUT (nếu không có …)  WITHOUT + N, main clause (type 2, 3)  Without your book, I wouldn’t pass the exam.  Without your help, I would have been injured.  IF + ADJ IF + S1 + be + ADJ, main clause  IF + ADJ, main clause  If it is possible, I will apply for this job.