Tiêu đề Care of Clients with Problems in the Cardiovascular System.pdf ✅

NURSES LICENSURE EXAMINATION (NLE) Controlled Copy 2023 Rev. 00 CLASSIFIED EXAMINATION FOR CRITICAL TEST ANALYSIS Care of Clients with Problems in the Cardiovascular System Philippine Nurses Licensure Examination Warning: This material is protected by Copyright Laws. Unauthorized use shall be prosecuted in the full extent of the Philippine Laws. For exclusive use of CBRC reviewees only. SITUATION – Basic knowledge about the physiology of the cardiovascular system will greatly help the nurse to provide appropriate assessment and interventions. The key component of physical assessment includes a health history, physical examination, and monitoring of variety of laboratory and diagnostic test results. 1. The pumping action of the heart is accomplished by the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of its muscular wall. What change occurs during systole? A. The chambers of the heart become smaller as the blood is ejected B. The heart chambers fill with blood in preparation for subsequent ejection. C. The heart chamber of the heart becomes bigger as it receives blood D. The myocardium becomes thinner as blood enters the chamber. 2. Cardiac conduction system generates and transmits electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of the myocardium. Impulses come from two specialized electrical cells. What are the physiologic characteristics of the electrical cell? A. Automaticity, excitability, potentiality B. Conductivity, potentiality, refractivity C. Automaticity, conductivity, refractivity D. Automaticity, conductivity, excitability 3. Automaticity refers to: A. Ability to transmit an electrical impulse from one cell to another B. Ability to respond to electrical impulse C. Ability to initiate an electrical impulse D. Ability to automatically respond to electrical impulse 4. Cardiac output must be responsive to changes in the metabolic demand. You know that cardiac output can be determined by: A. Measuring the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat and multiplying it to the client’s heart rate. B. Summing up the stroke volume with the client’s heart rate C. Getting the heart rate of the client and the client’s stroke volume and BP D. Getting the BP of the client multiply to the client’s heart rate 5. Heart rate is stimulated by the following, EXCEPT: A. Increased level of the catecholamine B. The vagus nerve C. Excess thyroid hormone D. The sympathetic system 6. After teaching a group of adults about modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), the community health nurse knows that the group needs additional teaching if which finding is identified as one of these factors? A. Cigarette smoking B. Family history C. Hypercholesterolemia D. Hypertension 7. A client is scheduled to undergo percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Which statement by the nurse BEST explains the procedure to the client? A. "PTCA involves opening a blocked artery with an inflatable balloon located on the end of a catheter." B. "PTCA involves cutting away blockages with a special catheter." C. "PTCA involves passing a catheter through the coronary arteries to find blocked arteries." D. "PTCA involves inserting grafts to divert blood from blocked coronary arteries." 8. As initial step in treating a client with angina, the physician prescribes nitroglycerin tablets, 0.3 mg given sublingually. This drug’s principal effects are produced by: A. Antispasmodic effects on the pericardium B. Vasodilation of peripheral vasculature C. Causing an increased myocardial oxygen D. Improved conductivity in the myocardium 9. A client is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and I.V. morphine is prescribed. Morphine is given because it: A. Eliminates pain, reduces cardiac workload, and increases myocardial contractility B. Lowers resistance, reduces cardiac workload, and decreases myocardial oxygen demand C. Raises the blood pressure, lowers myocardial oxygen demand, and eliminates pain D. Increases venous return, lowers resistance, and reduces cardiac workload. 10. A client comes to the emergency department complaining of chest pain. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals myocardial ischemia and an anterior- wall myocardial infarction (MI). Which ECG characteristic indicates myocardial ischemia? A. Prolonged PR interval B. Absent Q wave C. Elevated ST segment D. Widened QRS complex 11. Which signs and symptoms would alert the nurse to the possibility of a major complication in a client with pericarditis? A. Chest pain and diaphoresis B. Hypotension and muffled heart sounds C. Dyspnea and copious blood-tinged, frothy sputum D. Tachycardia and oliguria