Tiêu đề 06 Sex hormones in fungi.pdf ✅

➢ Sex hormone is a diffusible substance playing specific role in the sexual reproduction. ➢ De bary (1881) very first time reported sex hormones in Achlya ambisexualis and A.bisexualis. ➢ Kaufmann (1972) stated that inorganic salts enhance sex hormones synthesis. ➢ Machlis(1972) categorized sex hormones into 3 groups: I. Erogens (Control initiation and differentiation of sexual structure). II. Erotropins (Induce growth of sexual structure) III. Erotactins (Attract motile gametes) ➢ There are five important sex hormones in fungi 1. Sirenin 2. Antheridiol 3. Oogoniol 4. Trisporic acid 5. Yeast α factor
➢ Sirenin was the first fungal sex hormone discovered. ➢ It was discovered in Allomyces macrogynous and A. arbusculus (chytridiomycete) by Machilis(1958). ➢ It is produced by female gametes to attracts the male gametes. ➢ Sirenin is a bicyclic sesquiterpene diol and found as D and L form. ➢ L is bioactive form which attract male gametes ➢ Molecular formula is C15H24O2 ➢ Molecular weight is 236 KD
➢ Raper (1939-1959) demonstrated the presence of multi hormonal regulatory system in A. ambisexualis and A. bisexualis. ➢ In water mold Achlya (Oomcetes), Female cells produce antheridiol hormone that switches the male cells from vegetative growth to the production of many short antheridial branches. ➢ It is a crystalline compound and steroid hormone. ➢ It was first isolated by Mc Morris and Barksdali (1967), structure was given by Arsenault et al., (1969). ➢ Molecular formula is C29H4205 ➢ Molecular weight is 470KD H3C CH3 CH3 HO O H H H OH O CH3 CH3 O
➢ The hormone is synthesized by male hyphae of Achlya ambisexualis only in the presence of antheridiol. ➢ The hormone stimulates the development of oogonium on female hyphae. ➢ Barksdali et al. (1974) reported that oogoniol is synthesised by some hermaphrodite strains without the stimulus of antheridiol. ➢ Two crystalline compounds, possessing Oogoniol activity have been isolated from culture filtrates of Achlya heterosexualis and named oogoniol-1 and oogoniol-2 ➢ It is a crystalline compound and steroid hormone. ➢ Molecular formula is C29H48O5 ➢ Molecular weight is 500KD