Tiêu đề Module-5.pdf ✅

Watershed Management (BCV405D) BLDEACET, Vijayapur. CSM 1 Module - 5: Applications of RS and GIS in watershed management: Applications of remote Sensing and GIS in watershed management: Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become indispensable tools in watershed management. They provide accurate, timely, and comprehensive data that can be used to monitor, analyse, and manage watersheds effectively. Here are the key applications of remote sensing and GIS in watershed management: 1. Watershed Delineation and Mapping  Remote Sensing: o Satellite imagery and aerial photography are used to capture detailed images of the Earth's surface, which can be used to delineate watershed boundaries accurately. o Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) generated from remote sensing data help in identifying watershed topography and drainage patterns.  GIS: o GIS tools enable the processing and analysis of DEMs and other spatial data to create detailed maps of watershed boundaries, sub-watersheds, and drainage networks. o GIS software can be used to overlay various data layers, such as land use, vegetation, and soil types, on watershed maps. 2. Land Use and Land Cover Analysis  Remote Sensing: o Satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques can be used to classify and monitor changes in land use and land cover within a watershed. o Time-series analysis of remote sensing data helps in tracking land cover changes over time, providing insights into trends and impacts on the watershed.  GIS: o GIS allows for the integration and analysis of land use and land cover data with other spatial datasets. o Spatial analysis tools in GIS can be used to assess the impact of land use
Watershed Management (BCV405D) BLDEACET, Vijayapur. CSM 2 changes on watershed hydrology, erosion, and sedimentation. 3. Hydrological Modelling  Remote Sensing: o Remote sensing data provides critical inputs for hydrological models, such as precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration. o Satellite-based rainfall estimates and snow cover data improve the accuracy of hydrological models.  GIS: o GIS is used to create and manage spatial datasets required for hydrological modelling, including DEMs, land use, soil types, and rainfall data. o GIS-based hydrological models simulate water flow, runoff, and sediment transport within a watershed. 4. Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Assessment  Remote Sensing: o High-resolution satellite images and remote sensing data help in identifying and monitoring areas prone to soil erosion. o Remote sensing techniques can detect changes in vegetation cover and surface roughness, which are indicators of soil erosion.  GIS: o GIS tools are used to model soil erosion risk and sediment transport using spatial data on topography, land use, soil types, and rainfall. o Erosion models like the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) can be implemented in GIS to estimate soil loss and identify critical erosion areas. 5. Water Quality Monitoring  Remote Sensing: o Remote sensing technology can be used to monitor water quality parameters, such as turbidity, chlorophyll concentration, and algal blooms, in water bodies within a watershed. o Multispectral and hyperspectral sensors on satellites and drones provide data on water quality indicators.  GIS: o GIS integrates water quality data from remote sensing, field measurements, and other sources to assess the spatial distribution and trends of water quality
Watershed Management (BCV405D) BLDEACET, Vijayapur. CSM 3 within a watershed. o Spatial analysis tools in GIS help identify pollution sources and assess the impact of land use on water quality. 6. Flood Risk Assessment and Management  Remote Sensing: o Satellite imagery and remote sensing data provide real-time information on rainfall, river levels, and flood extent during flood events. o Historical remote sensing data helps in mapping flood-prone areas and analyzing past flood events.  GIS: o GIS is used to model flood inundation and assess flood risk using spatial data on topography, land use, river networks, and rainfall. o GIS-based flood models help in planning and implementing flood mitigation measures, such as levees, retention basins, and floodplain zoning. 7. Vegetation and Forest Management  Remote Sensing: o Remote sensing provides data on vegetation cover, biomass, and forest health within a watershed. o Satellite images are used to monitor deforestation, forest degradation, and reforestation efforts.  GIS: o GIS integrates remote sensing data with other spatial datasets to assess the impact of vegetation and forest cover on watershed hydrology and soil conservation. o Spatial analysis tools in GIS help in planning and managing reforestation and afforestation projects. 8. Climate Change Impact Assessment  Remote Sensing: o Remote sensing data provides information on climate variables, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow cover, which are essential for assessing climate change impacts on watersheds. o Time-series analysis of remote sensing data helps in detecting and analysing long-term climate trends.
Watershed Management (BCV405D) BLDEACET, Vijayapur. CSM 4  GIS: o GIS is used to model and analyse the impact of climate change on watershed hydrology, water resources, and ecosystem services. o GIS tools help in developing and implementing climate adaptation strategies, such as changes in land use practices and water management policies. 9. Decision Support Systems (DSS)  Remote Sensing: o Remote sensing data provides real-time and historical data inputs for decision support systems in watershed management. o Advanced remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR and radar, enhance the accuracy and reliability of DSS.  GIS: o GIS-based decision support systems integrate spatial data, models, and analytical tools to support decision-making in watershed management. o DSS helps stakeholders evaluate different management scenarios, assess risks, and make informed decisions. Remote sensing and GIS are powerful tools for watershed management, offering a wide range of applications from watershed delineation and land use analysis to hydrological modelling, soil erosion assessment, and water quality monitoring. These technologies enhance the ability to monitor, analyse, and manage watersheds effectively, leading to more informed decision- making, improved resource management, and sustainable environmental practices. Case Studies: Applications of remote sensing and gis in watershed management:- Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become integral tools in watershed management, providing valuable data and analysis capabilities for effective planning, monitoring, and decision-making. In India, several case studies illustrate the successful application of these technologies in managing watersheds. Here are some notable examples: 1. Case Study: The Narmada Basin  Location: Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat  Objective: To assess water resources, land use, and watershed management practices.