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PRACTICE TESTS ON ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY I/ TRUE/FALSE: Decide whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. Write the letter (T) or (F) right in front of the number of each sentence. 1. Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds. 2. Three aspects of a speech sound as a physical event are: a- structure, b- arranging and c- auditory. 3. Articulatory phonetics studies the ways in which speech sounds are produced. 4. In describing articulation, we should know which articulators are involved in sound production. 5. The tongue is a passive articulator. 6. Sounds produced are influenced by the shapes of the cavities. 7. Acoustic phonetics deal with how the speech sounds are produced by the listener. 8. Auditory phonetics studies the speech waves. 9. The main aim of phonetics is the study and identification of the distinctive sound unit. 10. It is said that there are four stages in the speech chain: a- psychological, b- articulatory, c- acoustic and d- interpretive. 11. The larynx, which is situated in the upper part of the windpipe, contains the so-called vocal cords. 12. The action of the vocal cords consists in their role as a vibrator set in motion by lung air. 13. When the edges of the vocal cords are touching or nearly touching, the air passing through the glottis will usually cause vibration, which produces voiced sounds. 14. When the vocal cords are wide apart, the sound produced are voiced sounds. 15. A vowel is a sound in the production of which there is a complete closure in the vocal tract. 16. The most important parts of the tongue for producing vowel sounds are front, central and back. 17. Nasal, oral and pharyngeal cavities function as the principle resonators. 18. The lip shape is important in producing either rounded or unrounded vowels. 19. The main division of the roof of the mouth are dental, alveolar, hard palate and soft palate 20. Phonology studies the phonemic system of a language. 21. The approaches to the phoneme have seen it as a psychological entity, as a family of sounds and as a functional unit. 22. The functional view regards the phoneme as a family of sounds. 23. The phoneme is a distinctive unit of sounds in a language. 24. The allophones of a phoneme are concrete realizations of that phoneme. 25. All phonemes can be regarded as being made up of a number of distinctive features. 26. Allophones are made up of only non-distinctive features. 27. The allophones of a phoneme are predictable phonetic variants of that phoneme. 28. Phonemic transcription is based on the principle "one symbol per phoneme". 29. RP is the standard New Zealand accent. It is the only accent studied. Other accents are not important and, therefore, should not be taken into consideration. 30. Speech sounds are divided into pure vowels and diphthongs. 31. All vowels are voiced. 32. A pure vowel is an unchanging sound in the pronunciation of which the organs of speech do not perceptibly change the position throughout the duration of the vowel. 33. The front vowel is the one in the production of which the front of the tongue is raised in the direction of the hard palate. 34. According to the height to which a part of the tongue is raised, vowels can be classified into closed and open vowels. 35. A close vowel is the one in the production of which the tongue is as low as possible.
36. A rounded vowel is the one in the production of which the tongue is as low as possible. 37. Vowels can be long or short. 38. /i:/ is a long vowel. 39. /e/ is a long vowel. 40. A diphthong is a pure vowel. 41. Diphthongs can be divided into centring and closing according to the second element of the diphthong. 42. The word learn contains a diphthong. 43. A consonant is a sound in the production of which no obstruction is formed in the mouth by the active organs of speech. 44. Consonants may be classified according to a- the organs of speech, and b- the manners of articulation. 45. If we classify the consonants according to the state of vibration of the vocal cords, they can be voiced or voiceless. 46. Labials consist of bi-labials and labial-dental. 47. Palatals are sounds articulated in the glottis. 48. A plosive is a stop consonant. 49. A nasal is a sound formed by the tip of the tongue firmly pressed against the teeth ridge or the teeth so that the air can escape at one or both sides of the tongue. 50. The syllable may be defined as one or more speech sounds, forming a word or part of a word, containing one vowel sound, with or without a consonant or consonants, and uttered at a single effort. 51. The full internal structure of a syllable consists of onset and coda. 52. In the word spring, /i:/ is the nucleus. 53. Sun is a word of two syllables. 54. The syllable structure of arm is CVC. 55. Voiceless is a word with the point of syllable division after the sound /s/. 56. A weak syllable is the one which might end in a syllabic consonant. 57. Or is a syllable made up of one phoneme. 58. A syllable which ends in a vowel is called a closed syllable. 59. Correct syllable division is very important in communication. 60. Word-stress can be defined as the tendency to pronounce the stressed syllable at more or less regular intervals of time. 61. The prominence in the word stress can be produced by the following factors: a- loudness, b- length, c- pitch and d- quality. 62. There is a strong tendency in the English language to stress the initial syllable in a word. 63. English is a language which has fixed stress in the sense that the stress always falls on the last syllable in a word. 64. If the second syllable of a two-syllable word contains a long vowel or diphthong, or if it ends in more than one consonant, that second syllable is stressed. 65. Three syllable simple nouns usually have the stress placed on the first syllable. 66. In three-syllable verbs, if the last syllable contains a short vowel and end in not more than one consonant, stress will be placed on the preceding syllable. 67. Suffixes such as -able, -age, -erg.......... change the place of stress in a word. 68. The difference between a compound and a phrase is that a compound usually has the single-stress pattern. 69. The stress falls on the initial syllable in the word family. 70. Lexical words are not normally stressed in communication. 71. Words which serve to express certain grammatical relations or categories in the sentence are either stressed or unstressed. 72. The normal tendency in English speech is for the primary stress to occur on the last syllable of the tone group.intonation unit (p112) 73. English speech has the tendency of stress syllable-timed rhythm. 74. When horse shoes is pronounced as / h : u: /, assimilation takes place.
75. Assimilation is said to be completed when the articulation of the assimilated consonant fully coincides with that of the assimilating consonant. 76. Assimilation is said to be regressive when the preceding consonant influences the articulation of the following consonant. 77. In accommodation, the pronunciation of two consonants influences each other. 78. Elision is the case of a sound realized as zero in casual, rapid speech. 79. Grammatical words can have either strong forms or weak forms in speech. 80. When speaking, people generally raise and lower their voice, forming pitch patterns. This phenomenon is called intonation. 81. Intonation is the combination of a- speech melody, b- sentence stress, c- tempo, and d- timbre. 82. The sentence It is a very interesting book has the structure of Prehead - Head - Tonic syllable - Tail.(p122) 83. Speech melody is the loudness of the voice. 84. The Fall is usually used to denote finality. 85. The Rise is used in general questions, requests, greetings, a series of special questions in an interview. 86. The Fall-Rise can be used for limited agreement, politeness, apology, concern, uncertainty.......... 87. The Level is used when saying something that is strong in emotion. 88. A tone unit is the basic unit of intonation in a language. It always has many tonic syllables. (p122) 89. According to Peter Roach, intonation has the following functions: a- attitudinal, b- accentual, c- grammatical, and d- discourse. (Source: Tests Linguistics ) 90. Elision is quite common in formal speech. 91. Assimilation occurs when two consonants are close to each other. 92. When two sounds never contrast but occur under different phonological conditions, they are said to be in complementary distribution. 93. Pitch patterns are what happens when speakers raise and lower the pitch of their voice when speaking. 94. Intonation never occurs in formal communication activities such as speech making, job interview... 95. A phoneme can be represented by many letters and sounds. 96. Some human sounds are phonemes. 97. Aspirated is one of the distinctive properties of Vietnamese phonemes whereas long or short is one of the distinctive properties of English phonemes. 98. The first element of a diphthong is called the nucleus, the second element is called glide. 99. The underlined consonant in the word TOOTH is rounded under the influence of the rounded vowel / u /. 100. The falling intonation is expressed in the following utterance: Are you English?
II/ MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D 1. ...................deals with how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. A. Grammar B. Phonotactics C. Phonetics D. Text linguistics 2........................ phonetics deals with how speech sounds are perceived by the listeners. A. Articulatory B. Acoustics C. Auditory D. Experimental 3. .......................phonetics deals with transmission of speech sound through the air. A. Articulatory B. Acoustic C. Experimental D. Auditory 4. Which of the following is not considered as (an) articulator(s)? A. The tongue B. The lips C. The velum D. The ears 5. .............................is the study or description of the distinctive sound units of a language and their relationship to one another. A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 6. The production of different speech sounds through the use of organs of speech is known as..................................................... A. assimilation B. dissimilation C. articulation D. syllabification 7. Which of the following is not an aspect of the speech sounds as a physical event? A. Physiological B. Acoustic C. Articulatory D. Comprehensive 8. Besides having the physical properties, the speech sounds also have ........................... when they are distinctive units of sounds in a language.