Tiêu đề KEY - R12 NP5.docx ✅

● How to take pain medication and report pain not relieved by medication ● Importance of continued follow-up to maximize potential visual outcomes ● Measures to cope with visual loss, such as large screens, audiobooks, and additional lighting, and promote safety Source: Harding, M. (2023). Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. 12th edition p. 426 7. Nurse Jenny will administer Betaxolol HCl (Betoptic) to the client. As a precaution, which of the following would she interpret as a serious adverse reaction? A. Photophobia B. Blurred vision C. Drop in blood pressure D. Exacerbation of asthma Answer: C Rationale: Beta-blockers are the preferred initial topical medications because of their efficacy, minimal dosing (can be used once each day), and low cost. By selectively blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the eye, less aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary bodies. The fluid also appears to be absorbed slightly faster as a result of this drug therapy. Since patient is a known hypertensive, drugs used to control hypertension can potentiate the effects of systemic beta blockers and can cause an unsafe drop in heart rate and blood pressure. Source: Ignatavicius, D., Workman, M.L. & Heimgartner, N. (2018). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care. 9th edition p. 1926 8. Which assessment finding is essential for Nurse Jenny to report for a client who works in the evening and takes Pilocarpine (Pilocar)? A. Hypotension B. Urinary retention C. Constipation D. Decreased dark adaptation Answer: D Rationale: Cholinergic drugs lower IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced and by improving flow of the fluid. They make the pupil smaller (miosis) but, at the same time, make more room between the iris and the lens, allowing the fluid to flow through the pupil better even though it is smaller. Teach the patient to use good light when reading and to take care in darker rooms. The pupil of the eye will not open more to let in more light, and it may be harder to see objects in dim light. This problem can increase the risk for falls. Source: Ignatavicius, D., Workman, M.L. & Heimgartner, N. (2018). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care. 9th edition p. 1926 Situation: Data collection is imperative to gather information relevant to the research purpose, thereby, making this as one of the most time-consuming phase during research. Nurse Rico studies a variety of techniques to explore the study variables. 9. Nurse Rico intends to apply a set of structured interview questions during data collection. He knows that one major disadvantage of using a structured-interview method is __________________. A. The same questions may not be asked of all interviewees B. The answers are not recorded in the interviewee's own words C. The questions are all asked in the same order D. The interviews are often too long Answer: C Rationale: In a structured interview, the researcher has a structured list of questions that are answered in order, and deviation from the questions does not occur. In contrast, a semistructured interview is one in which some general questions are constructed, but the interviewer is open to allowing new ideas or topics to be introduced by the interviewee. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 70 10. When selecting a research design, Nurse Rico understands that by utilizing ethnography, he will have __________________________. A. An interview with cultural minority
B. An interview with a foreign-born but English-speaking person C. A type of descriptive qualitative study or someone's experiences D. A type of quantitative study Answer: A Rationale: Ethnographic studies involve the collection and analysis of data about cultural groups. In ethnographic research, the researcher frequently spends extended periods of time with the group and becomes a part of their culture. The researcher explores with the group their rituals and customs. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 160 11. Nurse Rico is aware that the major advantage of observation over interview is that _____________. A. Observation may be recorded and scrutinized later B. Observations enable the recording of actual behaviors, rather than subjects' interpretations C. Observation is scientific, unlike interviews which necessary involve personal interactions D. Observations are unbiased and do not elicit reactions in human subjects. Answer: B Rationale: The research question or study hypothesis should determine the behaviors that will be observed. Psychomotor skills can be evaluated, such as the ability of clients with diabetes to perform insulin injections. Personal habits, such as smoking and eating behaviors, might be of interest. Nonverbal communication patterns, such as body posture or facial expressions, are frequently observed. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 70 12. Participant observation may be defined as: A. The observation of participants in the study B. The observation of the researcher’s input to a study C. Participation in a group while studying it D. The study of observational and clinical techniques Answer: C Rationale: In participant observation, the observer becomes involved in interactions with the participants. This interaction may be overt or covert. The participant observer (overt) becomes involved with participants openly and with the full awareness of those people who will be observed. In contrast, as a participant observer (covert), the observer interacts with the participants and observes their behavior without their knowledge. A participant observer participates in the functioning of the group under study and strives to observe and record information within the contexts and experiences that are relevant to participants. Source: Nieswiadomy. R.M. & Bailey, C. (2018). Foundations of Nursing Research. 7th edition p. 215 13. One of the major problems associated with the use of participant observation as a research strategy is that: A. It is more expensive than experimental approaches to implement. B. It does not allow "in-depth" study of any phenomena C. The results cannot be replicated D. May cause unrest among samples Answer: D Rationale: Participant observation faces potential problems. Observers may lose objectivity in sampling, viewing, and recording observations. Once they begin to participate in a group’s activities, the possibility of emotional involvement becomes a concern. Researchers in their member role may fail to attend to key aspects of the situation or may develop a myopic view on issues of importance to the group. Observers must overcome two major hurdles in assuming a satisfactory role vis-à-vis participants. ● First, to gain entrée into the social group under study. ● Second, to establish rapport and trust within that group. Without gaining entrée, the study cannot proceed; but without the trust of the group, the researcher will be restricted to “front stage” knowledge—information distorted by the group’s protective facades. Source: Polit, D. & Beck, C.T. (2018). Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. 9th edition p. 300